Estradiol may be cardioprotective; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Recent findings that estradiol attenuates neointima formation in estrogen receptor knockout mice suggest that the cardioprotective effects of estradiol may be mediated through estrogen receptor-independent mechanisms. Because 2-methoxyestradiol, an endogenous metabolite of estradiol with no affinity for estrogen...

This study examined the effects of 3 wk of either endurance or strength training on plasticity of the neural mechanisms involved in the soleus H reflex and V wave. Twenty-five sedentary healthy subjects were randomized into an endurance group (n = 13) or strength group (n = 12). Evoked V-wave, H-reflex, and M-wave recruitment curves, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and time-to-task-failure...

Let p ∈ [1,∞[ and cp = maxa∈[0,1]((1 − a)ap + a(1 − a)p)1/p. We prove that the known upper bound lindiscp(A) ≤ cp for the Lp linear discrepancy of a totally unimodular matrix A is asymptotically sharp, i.e., sup A lindiscp(A) = cp. We estimate cp = p p+1 ( 1 p+1 )1/p (1+εp) for some εp ∈ [0, 2−p+2], hence cp = 1− ln p p (1+ o(1)). We also show that an improvement for smaller matrices as in the ...

A mathematical model was developed to analyze the mechanisms of expiratory asynchrony during pressure support ventilation (PSV). Solving the model revealed several results. 1) Ratio of the flow at the end of patient neural inspiration to peak inspiratory flow (VTI/V(peak)) during PSV is determined by the ratio of time constant of the respiratory system (tau) to patient neural inspiratory time (...

In this paper, we investigate the problem of exploiting global information to improve the performance of SVMs on large scale classification problems. We first present a unified general framework for the existing min-max machine methods in terms of within-class dispersions and between-class dispersions. By defining a new within-class dispersion measure, we then propose a novel max-margin ratio m...

Maximal O(2) consumption (Vo(2 max)) is lower in individuals with Type 2 diabetes than in sedentary nondiabetic individuals. This study aimed to determine whether the lower Vo(2 max) in diabetic patients was due to a reduction in maximal cardiac output (Q(max)) and/or peripheral O(2) extraction. After 11 Type 2 diabetic patients and 12 nondiabetic subjects, matched for age and body composition,...

Acetonitrile is an organic solvent commonly used to increase the solubility of lipophilic substrates for in vitro studies. In this study, we examined its effect on four reactions (diclofenac hydroxylation, tolbutamide methyl hydroxylation, phenytoin hydroxylation, and celecoxib methyl hydroxylation) catalyzed by human liver microsomes and by the recombinant CYP2C9. In both cases, the effect of ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the relationships between changes in expiratory flow limitation (FL) during anesthesia and postoperative responses to lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). DESIGN Prospective consecutive case comparison. SETTING University medical center. PATIENTS Eight patients with severe emphysema. INTERVENTIONS General anesthesia with muscle paralysis and thoracic epidura...