every country actively and initiatively takes all kinds of policy steps to improve the international competitiveness of its industries and therefore improve national integrated competitiveness for the purpose of gaining economic benefits under the context of economic globalization. therefore, studies of moreover, projects launched by the cluster had to be endorsed by the growers and one criteri...

INTRODUCTION Governance is a dynamic feature of value chains that characterizes the relationships or linkages among stakeholders in the chain. Governance is important as it relates to the ability of a stakeholder to determine, control and/or coordinate the activities of other actors in the value added chain. At any point in the chain, a firm (or organization or institution) can set parameters u...

The major challenge for the tomato farmers is getting a fair price at the market price given that there are many actors involved in the tomato value chain. Given this situation, this project's goal was to improve communication pathways in dissemination of agricultural market information in tomato value chains in Iringa and Dodoma Regions in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to: identify an...

Innovation events the introduction of new products or processes represent the end of a process of knowledge sourcing and transformation. They also represent the beginning of a process of exploitation which may result in an improvement in the performance of the innovating business. This recursive process of knowledge sourcing, transformation and exploitation we call the innovation value chain. M...

The development of IT systems for coordinating business processes mostly starts with the definition of coordination mechanisms and organizational structures. This is usually based on assumptions about the cooperational behavior of the participating individuals. This top-down approach fails if the human participants behave in a competitive way, which can severely affect coordination as a whole. ...

corporate social responsibility is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business activities and interactions  with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. in this global context, voluntary social and environmental practices of business which go beyond companies’ existing legal obligations play a major role in filling the governance gap in an innovati...