This paper presents a variant of Vogel's approximation method (VAM) for transportation problems. The importance of determining efficient solutions for large sized transportation problems is borne out by many practical problems in industries, the military, etc. With this motivation, a few variants of VAM incorporating the total opportunity cost (TOC) concept were investigated to obtain fast and ...

Sandia National Laboratories, under the direction of the Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Justice, conducted the chemical facility vulnerability assessment (CFVA) project. The primary objective of this project was to develop, test and validate a vulnerability assessment methodology (VAM) for determining the security of chemical facilities against terrorist or criminal att...

Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection and P on root respiration and dry matter allocation were studied in Plantago major L. ssp. pleiosperma (Pilger). By applying P, the relative growth rate of non-VAM controls and plants colonized by Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxt. sensu Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe was increased to a similar extent (55-67%). However, leaf area ratio was i...

Using a split-root technique, roots of soybean plants were divided between two pots. In one of the two pots, two maize plants were grown and half of those pots were inoculated with the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus fasciculatus. Fifty-two days after planting, (15)N-labeled ammonium sulfate was applied to the pots which contained only soybean roots. Forty-eight hours afte...

TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE The Promise and Peril of Using Value-Added Modeling to Measure Teacher Effectiveness Value-added modeling (VAM), a collection of statistical techniques that uses multiple years of student test score data to estimate the effects of individual schools or teachers, has recently garnered a great deal of attention among both policymakers and researchers. For example...

The aim of the present study was to compare physiological responses derived from an incremental progressive field test with a constant speed test i.e. intermittent versus continuous protocol. Two progressive maximum tests (Carminatti`s test (T-CAR) and the Vameval test (T-VAM)), characterized by increasing speed were used. T-CAR is an intermittent incremental test, performed as shuttle runs; wh...

Soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr.) plants were grown in an experiment with a 3 x 3 factorial design using different levels of light (170, 350, and 700 muE.m(-2).s(-1)) and P as factors. Plants were grown in a greenhouse in pot cultures using a soil low in plant-available P under three P regimes: no additional P, P added as KH(2)PO(4), or P uptake enhanced by colonization of the host plant with the...

The response of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Okitsu wase) on trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) rootstocks to inoculation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, such as Glomus ambisporum Smith and Schenck, Gloumus fasciculatum (Thaxter) Gerdemann and Trappe emend. Walker and Koske, Glontus mosseae (Nicolson and Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, and Gigaspora rami...

The objective of this research was to use a Rapid Visco Analyzer to study the effect of natural cheese age, trisodium citrate (TSC) concentration, and mixing speed on process cheese food (PCF) functionality. In this study 3 replicates of natural cheese were manufactured, and a portion of each cheese was subjected to 6 different PCF manufacturing treatments at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 wk of ripening....

The mediation of herbicide effects on weed-crop combinations by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi is essentially unknown. We conducted a greenhouse study to determine if VAM fungi, whose hyphae interconnect the roots of adjacent plants, modify herbicide effects by enhancing nutrient fluxes between associated plants. Soybean (Glyc ine max (L.) Merr.) and common cocklebur ( X a n t h i...