aim & background : enterococci infections are public health growing concern due to the glycopeptide antibiotics resistance especially vancomycin. genes, vana, b, and h, are contributed to the influence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). this investigation aims at exploring the vre frequency and the rate of each genes in isolated enterococci from gastroenteritis patients in central regio...

Acquired VanA- and VanB-type glycopeptide resistance in enterococci is due to synthesis of modified peptidoglycan precursors terminating in D-lactate. As opposed to VanA-type strains which are resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, VanB-type strains remain teicoplanin susceptible. We have determined the sequence of a 7,160-bp DNA fragment associated with VanB-type resistance in Enterococ...

Three of five natural plasmids carrying a wild-type vanA gene cluster did not confer LY333328 glycopeptide resistance on Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 (MIC = 2 microg/ml). The two remaining plasmids conferred resistance to the drug (MIC, 8 microg/ml). The vanB gene cluster did not confer resistance to LY333328, since this antibiotic was not an inducer. Mutations in the vanS(B) sensor gene that al...

Enterococcus faecium 10/96A from Brazil was resistant to vancomycin (MIC, 256 microg/ml) but gave no amplification products with primers specific for known van genotypes. A 2,368-bp fragment of a van cluster contained one open reading frame encoding a peptide with 83% amino acid identity to VanH(D), and a second encoding a D-alanine-D-lactate ligase with 83 to 85% identity to VanD. The divergen...

A study was conducted to determine plasmid mediated methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus along with plasmid profiling and detection of vancomycin resistance genes. This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India. The molecular detection of gene was ...

The glycopeptide vancomycin was until recently considered a drug of last resort against Gram-positive bacteria. Increasing numbers of bacteria, however, are found to carry genes that confer resistance to this antibiotic. So far, 10 different vancomycin resistance clusters have been described. A chromosomal vancomycin resistance gene cluster was previously described for the anaerobic Desulfitoba...

We devised two screening systems to detect cell wall transglycosylation inhibitors. One screen utilizes a mutant of Enterococcus faecalis strain A256 that is dependent on vancomycin or moenomycin for growth. In the absence of transglycosylation inhibitors the strain fails to grow, while in the presence of inhibitors, cells are rescued. A second screening organism E. faecalis strain MDD212 utili...

Vancomycin resistance plasmids in enterococci carry the genes vanH and vanA, which encode enzymes catalyzing, respectively, the reduction of 2-keto acids to 2-D-hydroxy acids and the addition of D-hydroxy acids to D-alanine. It has therefore been postulated that resistant cells produce peptidoglycan precursors that terminate in the depsipeptide D-alanine-2-D-hydroxy acid rather than the dipepti...

Avoparcin, a glycopeptide antimicrobial agent related to vancomycin, has been used extensively as a growth promoter in animal feeds for more than 2 decades, and evidence has shown that such use contributed to the development of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. A cluster that includes three genes, vanH, vanA, and vanX, is required for high-level resistance to glycopeptides. In the vancomycin pr...

Among the genera of the subfamily Scorpiopinae Kraepelin, 1905 Alloscorpiops remains rather discrete. Only recently new species were added to this genus, increasing its number from two to five. Therefore, species of Alloscorpiops remain rare. One remarkable new species, Alloscorpiopstroglodytes sp. n., is described on the basis of a single male specimen collected inside a cave from Song Thanh N...