Properties of atomic or molecular clusters surrounded by a vapour phase are needed in predicting nucleation rates and in development of phenomenological nucleation models. We have performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to investigate effects of thermostatting, boundary conditions and system size in cluster–vapour equilibrium. The studied system consists of Lennard–Jones (LJ) argon atoms w...

The influence of metal vapour on the arc behaviour during the arc-splitting process in the quenching chamber of a low-voltage circuit breaker is investigated numerically. A three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model of air arc plasma, taking into account the production of metal vapour from erosion of an iron splitter plate, is developed. An equation describing conservation of the iron vapour m...

There is an ongoing important debate about the role of water vapour in climate change. Predictions of future climate change depend strongly on the magnitude of the water vapour feedback and until now models have almost exclusively been relied upon to quantify this feedback. In this work we employ observations of water vapour changes, together with detailed radiative calculations to estimate the...

There is some experimental evidence that some stars are older than the Universe in General Relativity based cosmology. In TGD based cosmology the paradox has explanation. Photons can be either topologically condensed on background spacetime surface or in ’vapour phase’ that is progate in M + × CP2 as small surfaces. The time for propagation from A to B is in general larger in condensate than in...

The Antoine equation is a semi-empirical equation which expresses vapour pressure as a function of temperature. A new, rapid and highly accurate method for obtaining its three constants from experimental data is presented and applied to ethanol, water and 14 anaesthetic substances. Alternative vapour pressure equations are discussed and references for original temperature--vapour pressure data ...

Now a days, In most of the thermal power plant, where low-pressure steam is being exhausted to the atmosphere as a waste steam. This waste heat could be use to operate many small preheating or cooling equipments or small scale plants. There are many refrigeration systems present for refrigeration and air condition purpose. Such as air refrigeration, vapour compression, vapour absorption etc. In...

Measurements of the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on ENVISAT have been used to derive global water vapour total column amounts over ocean and land. For this purpose, the Air Mass Corrected Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (AMC-DOAS) approach, which has already been successfully used with GOME data, has been applied to SCIAMACHY’s n...

When liquid is injected into a geothermal reservoir, a fraction of the liquid may vaporise if the reservoir is sufficiently hot. The vapour forms at an approximately p1ana.r liquid-vapour interface and diffuses towards the far boundary of the reservoir. If vapour is extracted froin the far boundary, then once the new vapour has diffused across the reservoir, the rate of production of vapour at ...