retrotransposons (rtns) constitute informative molecular markers for plant species because of their ability to integrate into a multitude of loci throughout the genome and thereby generate insertional polymorphisms between individuals. in the present study, rtn-based molecular markers, irap (inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism) and remap (retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymo...

designing breeding programs for winter rapeseed (brassica napus l.) cultivars with improved seed and oil yields requires information about the genetic variability of traits. in this study, 28 winter rapeseed cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and relationships between 11 agro-morphological characters during 2010 and 2011. cultivars and cultivar × year interaction showed significant ...

abstract guilan is a famous province in growing rice in iran. recently, due to shortage of water, farmers' desire to use groundwater in order to grow rice in northern part of iran has been increasing rapidly. the fact that rice is sensitive to water quality, caused concern about rice cultivation sustainability in the area, especially in drought years. this study was done to investigate the spat...

this study investigates the atmospheric circulation associated with extreme rainfall events over the coastal west africa. the rainfall data of this study were obtained from the global precipitation climatology centre (gpcc), spanning from 1981 to 2010. the atmospheric datasets were also obtained from the era-interim reanalysis. the study employed the z-index to categorize dry and wet years into...

Summer maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the dominant crops in the North China Plain (NCP). Its growth is greatly influenced by the spatial-temporal variation of climatic variables, especially solar radiation, temperature and rainfall. The WOFOST (version 7.1) model was applied to evaluate the impact of climatic variability on summer maize yields using historical meteorological data from 1961 to 20...

an evaluation of the relationship between crop yield and soil properties would be useful in estimating the fluctuations in yield, and in an implementation of correct field management. the study was conducted in farmer operated wheat fields in sorkhankalateh district, 25 km northeast of gorgan, golestan province, iran. soil samples (0-30 cm depth) were collected just after crop planting at the e...

visit-to-visit variability (vvv) in blood pressure (bp) creates challenges to hypertension control and was independent associated with increased all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients. the major goal of the present study was to investigate the association of vvv in systolic (s)bp with progression of carotid atherosclerosis and en-dothelial dysfunction in on-treated hypertensive patients.o...

abstract fluoride (f-) is an essential element for human and some animals. the fluoride concentration in irrigation water is an important index for water quality. the objective of the present study was to determine spatial variability of fluoride in groundwater and soils of some areas in arak plain. therefore, during two seasons, autumn (2007) and the end of spring (2008), 87 and 92 water sampl...