Let G be a nonempty simple graph with vertex set V(G) and an edge E(G). For every injective labeling f:V(G)?Z, there are two induced labelings, namely f+:E(G)?Z defined by f+(uv)=f(u)+f(v), f?:E(G)?Z f?(uv)=|f(u)?f(v)|. The sum index the difference minimum cardinalities of ranges f+ f?, respectively. We provide upper lower bounds on index, determine various families graphs. also interesting con...

let $a$ be a non-trivial abelian group and $a^{*}=asetminus {0}$. a graph $g$ is said to be $a$-magic graph if there exists a labeling$l:e(g)rightarrow a^{*}$ such that the induced vertex labeling$l^{+}:v(g)rightarrow a$, define by $$l^+(v)=sum_{uvin e(g)} l(uv)$$ is a constant map.the set of all constant integerssuch that $sum_{uin n(v)} l(uv)=c$, for each $vin n(v)$,where $n(v)$ denotes the s...

let $g=(v,e)$ be a connected graph. the eccentric connectivity index of $g$, $xi^{c}(g)$, is defined as $xi^{c}(g)=sum_{vin v(g)}deg(v)ec(v)$, where $deg(v)$ is the degree of a vertex $v$ and $ec(v)$ is its eccentricity. the eccentric distance sum of $g$ is defined as $xi^{d}(g)=sum_{vin v(g)}ec(v)d(v)$, where $d(v)=sum_{uin v(g)}d_{g}(u,v)$ and $d_{g}(u,v)$ is the distance between $u$ and $v$ ...

The mutualism model, an alternative for the g-factor model of intelligence, implies a formative measurement model in which “g” is an index variable without a causal role. If this model is accurate, the search for a genetic of brain instantiation of “g” is deemed useless. This also implies that the (weighted) sum score of items of an intelligence test is just what it is: a weighted sum score. Pr...

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple connectedgraph with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges and sequence of vertex degrees$d_1 ge d_2 ge cdots ge d_n>0$, $d_i=d(v_i)$, where $v_iin V$. With $isim j$ we denote adjacency ofvertices $v_i$ and $v_j$. The generalsum--connectivity index of graph is defined as $chi_{alpha}(G)=sum_{isim j}(d_i+d_j)^{alpha}$, where $alpha$ is an arbitrary real<b...

for a graph $g$ with edge set $e(g)$, the multiplicative sum zagreb index of $g$ is defined as$pi^*(g)=pi_{uvin e(g)}[d_g(u)+d_g(v)]$, where $d_g(v)$ is the degree of vertex $v$ in $g$.in this paper, we first introduce some graph transformations that decreasethis index. in application, we identify the fourteen class of trees, with the first through fourteenth smallest multiplicative sum zagreb ...

in this paper, a new molecular-structure descriptor, the general sum–connectivity co–index  is considered, which generalizes the first zagreb co–index and the general sum–connectivity index of graph theory. we mainly explore the lower and upper bounds in termsof the order and size for this new invariant. additionally, the nordhaus–gaddum–type resultis also represented.