BACKGROUND Diagnosis of extracardiac intrathoracic vascular anomalies is of clinical importance, but remains challenging. Traditional imaging modalities, such as radiography, echocardiography, and angiography, are inherently limited by the difficulties of a 2-dimensional approach to a 3-dimensional object. We postulated that accurate characterization of malformations of the aorta would benefit ...

The rare anomaly of a right aortic arch, distal origin of the left subclavian artery, and posterior left ductus arteriosus (forming a vascular ring) plus a right ductus arteriosus is described in an infant with d-transposition of the great arteries with an intact septum. The presence of a right aortic arch and distal left subclavian artery with bilateral ductus arteriosus has not been described...

A 62-year-old female complained of exertional dyspnoea associated with occasional wheeze over the past 10 years. She could not identify any trigger factors such as exposure to cold air, exercise or respiratory tract infections. She was treated empirically for bronchial asthma by her family physician with inhaled Salbutamol and inhaled Fluticasone without much relief in symptoms. She also recent...

the role of some ring structures in the distribution of porphyry copper deposits in south kerman porphyry copper belt is discussed. in the study area, ring structures are circular or elliptical shaped features which are partly recognized on satellite images. in this study, landsat multispectral images were used to identify ring structures in the area. the rudimentary identification stages of th...