abstract weirs are the most common structures for discharge measurement in engineering research. streamline curvature, non hydrostatic pressure distribution on weir and nappe adherence to the weir lead to differences between calculated and measured discharges. thus discharge coefficient, which is the ratio of real and theoretic discharges, is usually less than unity. in circular weirs the press...

solute transport processes are affected by soil pore water velocity distribution. pore size distribution, which can be used to infer pore water velocity distribution, can be estimated from a soil water retention curve (n). in this study, a solute breakthrough curve was simulated using soil hydraulic parameters in four different soils. to evaluate the proposed model, predictions were compared to...

We demonstrate that photothermal deflection spectroscopy can be used to measure velocity distributions in dye jets. Such measurements are useful in determining the quality of flow in dye jets, The quality of jets is very important for a stable and naanow linewidth operation of dye lasers

seismic refraction and downhole survey were employed to study dynamic characteristics of subsurface materials in bam city, southeast of iran. the data acquisition was performed at 160 p and s-wave refraction stations and 15 boreholes in the city. to derive velocity depth sections along these profiles as well as to perform downhole diagrams, seisimager software was used. based on the obtained va...

Introduction: The ejection velocity distribution of an impact event determines the emplacement of material on planetary bodies. Dimensional analysis[1] predicts a single power law relationship between ejection velocity and time (or ejection position) for main-stage excavation. At very early times, however, when energy and momentum are still being coupled to the target, “[t]he power-law expressi...

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are often categorized into flare-associated and filament-associated types, which logically is incomplete since there are many CMEs of the intermediate type. Aims. With this new classification, this paper aims to reexamine whether flare-associated CMEs and filament eruption-associated CMEs have distinct velocity distributions and to investigate which factor...

introduction: for a velocity profile in turbulent flows, the flow conditions in the vicinity of the wall are described by logarithmic law of the wall. however, it has been extensively verified that the log-law does not apply in the outer region of the boundary layer. for example, in free surface flows, the law of the wall holds only for 20 percent of the flow depth from the wall. coles (1956) c...