The loosely defined terms hard fork and soft fork have established themselves as descriptors of different classes of upgrade mechanisms for the underlying consensus rules of (proof-of-work) blockchains. Recently, a novel approach termed velvet fork, which expands upon the concept of a soft fork, was outlined in [22]. Specifically, velvet forks intend to avoid the possibility of disagreement by ...

Velvet-domain-containing proteins are broadly distributed within the fungal kingdom. In the corn pathogen Fusarium verticillioides, previous studies showed that the velvet protein F. verticillioides VE1 (FvVE1) is critical for morphological development, colony hydrophobicity, toxin production, and pathogenicity. In this study, tandem affinity purification of FvVE1 revealed that FvVE1 can form a...

We have developed a new set of algorithms, collectively called "Velvet," to manipulate de Bruijn graphs for genomic sequence assembly. A de Bruijn graph is a compact representation based on short words (k-mers) that is ideal for high coverage, very short read (25-50 bp) data sets. Applying Velvet to very short reads and paired-ends information only, one can produce contigs of significant length...

What is a velvet worm? Velvet worms are terrestrial, soft-bodied, many-legged carnivores. They form the phylum Onychophora (‘claw bearers’ — each of their many limbs terminates in paired claws). Velvet worms range in size from around 10 millimetres long to relative giants in excess of 20 centimetres, and known species have between 13 and 43 pairs of stubby limbs termed lobopods. Unlike arthropo...

Besides industrially produced gibberellins (GAs), Fusarium fujikuroi is able to produce additional secondary metabolites such as the pigments bikaverin and neurosporaxanthin and the mycotoxins fumonisins and fusarin C. The global regulation of these biosynthetic pathways is only poorly understood. Recently, the velvet complex containing VeA and several other regulatory proteins was shown to be ...

The quality characteristics of velvet antlers obtained from Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) (SDVA), harvested from 63 to 81 d during the velvet antler growth period, were evaluated by investigating the relationships between antioxidant levels; including content, activity, and content/activity ratios, and physical properties; including shear force values, color, and Ca content. Th...

Fig. 1. Parcelrobot and Velvet Fingers Gripper: The Parcelrobot platform is located at the Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik GmbH (BIBA) in Bremen, Germany. Its kinematic structure comprises linear and rotary axes that cover a cylindrical workspace. Equipped with the Velvet Fingers Gripper it comprises an autonomous system for unloading shipment containers filled with randomly packed ...

A velvet multisubunit complex was recently detected in the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum, the major industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin. Core components of this complex are P. chrysogenum VelA (PcVelA) and PcLaeA, which regulate secondary metabolite production, hyphal morphology, conidiation, and pellet formation. Here we describe the characterization of PcVel...

The annual regeneration cycle of deer (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) antlers represents a unique model of epimorphic regeneration and rapid growth in adult mammals. Regenerating antlers are innervated by trigeminal sensory axons growing through the velvet, the modified form of skin that envelopes the antler, at elongation velocities that reach one centimetre per day in the common deer (Cervus elaphus...

Collaborative Virtual Environment concepts have been used in many systems in the past few years. The architectures available today provide support for a number of users but they fail if too many users are together in a small “space” in the Virtual World. This paper introduces VELVET, an Adaptive Hybrid Architecture which allows a greater number of users to interact through a CVE. VELVET introdu...