Speech recognizers are typically trained with data from a standard dialect and do not generalize to non-standard dialects. Mismatch mainly occurs in the acoustic realization of words, which is represented by acoustic models and pronunciation lexicon. Standard techniques for addressing this mismatch are generative in nature and include acoustic model adaptation and expansion of lexicon with pron...

This study investigates how onset and sentence positioning affect the realization of Tone 1 in two dialects of Taiwan Mandarin. Results showed that the central dialect was higher in register when placed in isolation, but lower when placed in a sentential context. When there was a tonal mismatch, coarticulatory effects were more robust in the northern dialect, implying that speakers of the centr...

The vernacular of Vratnica and that Skopska Crna Gora have distinctive syntactic features defined by their being partly a continuation the Western Macedonian dialect group, dialects Prizren Juzna Morava within Serbian continuum. This is confirmed our comparison instances found in villages Klokot Binac, region Vitina, as well restricted number from Sirinicka Zupa Presevo. In this paper we analyz...

quintet novel “cities of salt” is considered as a turning point in arabic story-writing literature. in this novel under the influence by story- writing modern stream, munif (1933-2004) has tried to create neology and innovation in some story artistic elements by being committed to some of arab story- writing principles. he tries in this novel to follow russian structuralists, particularly mikha...

Solar passive techniques are being used in vernacular buildings throughout the world. Researchers have done extensive study on thermal performance of vernacular buildings in the different parts of the world. Vernacular architecture of North-Eastern India represents the principle of climate-responsive architecture, which still lacks experimental validation and quantitative analysis. Thermal comf...

The order Solifugae (Arachnida) often has the word ‘spider’ (e.g. sunspider, camelspider) or ‘scorpion’ windscorpion) as main descriptor in its common names. Being neither a spider nor scorpion, we suggest ‘solifuge’, derived from scientific name of order, most neutral English vernacular for these arachnids. Southern Africa is rich solifuge diversity, which also reflected and imaginative local ...

vernacular architecture has always had appropriate answer in conformity with the environment and climate. this paper has considered values of iran vernacular urbanization and architecture in humid and moderate climate looking through sustainability and sustainable development concepts. gorgan city has been studied using laboratory studies and available sources and relying on the content analysi...

thereby demonstrating a well-educated, informed, probing, and critical mind. He was familiar with various Berber dialects, as well as Celtic-Iberian nomenclatures and, through Ibn Juljul, Latin. He cited a number of unknown sources including one, simply, as "a Byzantine". In his introduction he said that he had studied pharmacy in the city of Marrakesh where, through his teacher, he became fami...

The aim of the present paper is to study the status of the short vowels /i/ and /u/ in five selected Iranian Balochi dialects. These dialects are spoken in Sistan (SI), Saravan (SA), Khash (KH), Iranshahr (IR), and Chabahar (CH) regions located in province Sistan va Baluchestan in the southeast of Iran. This study investigates whether these two vowels have the same qualities as the short /i/ an...