The large-scale features favoring tropical cyclogenesis and development are low vertical wind shear, below normal sea-level pressure and abnormally warm ocean temperatures. High wind shear is thought to inhibit development by preventing cumulonimbus condensation from collecting into a distinct heat source at the core of a disturbance. Also, it shears the initially delicate pattern of circulatio...

Upwellings are observed on the northern shelf of Taiwan during northeasterly winds. Analytical and realistic numerical models are used to explain how vertical motions are created by divergence and convergence produced by wind acting on the vorticity field of two strong jets: the Kuroshio and the Taiwan Warm Current. The seaward increase in cyclonic vorticity near the Kuroshio’s western edge fav...

Recently, concerning failure of structures due to earthquakes, special investigations of near fault ground motions have been noticed. Hence, in this paper, characteristics of near field ground motions have been considered in horizontal and vertical directions. In this consideration, the record averages have been compared with Uniform Building Code and Eurocode8 spectra in two levels. In additio...

downbursts are small-scale, short-lived and energetic events in the atmosphere. they usually occur from the beginning of spring to summer when the weather is more humid and the convective weather conditions are suitable. because of the small-scale property of the downburst, it has sometimes been observed only in a meteorological station and other stations have not observed considerable changes....

damages due to northridge and kobe earthquakes were expressive of considerable effects of vertical components of earthquakes compared to the horizontal ones. on the other hand, thin steel plate shear wall is one of the newest resistant systems which until now it`s behavior haven’t been investigated under vertical component of earthquake. therefore, in this article, effects of vertical component...

In this work the spectra based model of the correlation between lidar systems and wind turbines is extended from rotor-effective wind speed only, to rotor-effective wind speed and linear horizontal and vertical shear components. This is achieved by the incorporation of a model based wind field reconstruction method solving a set of linear equations with the least-squares method. The model allow...

A method is presented by which combined S-band polarimetric weather radar and UHF wind profiler observations of precipitation can be used to extract the properties of liquid phase hydrometeors and the vertical velocity of the air through which they are falling. Doppler spectra, which contain the air motion and/or fall speed of hydrometeors, are estimated using the vertically pointing wind profi...

The effects of large winds on the low-latitude E region ionosphere and the equatorial electrojet in particular are analyzed theoretically, computationally, and experimentally. The principles that govern the relationship between electric fields, currents, and winds in steady flows in the ionosphere are reviewed formally. A three-dimensional numerical model of low latitude ionospheric electrostat...

Saturn has an intense and broad eastward equatorial jet with a complex three-dimensional structure mixed with time variability. The equatorial region experiences strong seasonal insolation variations enhanced by ring shadowing, and three of the six known giant planetary-scale storms have developed in it. These factors make Saturn's equator a natural laboratory to test models of jets in giant pl...