INTRODUCTION Peripheral arterial disease is associated with an excessive risk for cardi-ovascular events and mortality. Peripheral arterial disease is usually measured with ankle brachial index (ABI). It is previously shown that the ABI would reflect LV systolic func-tion, as well as atherosclerosis; however, these results are not shown in non-diabetic indi-viduals. In this study, we aim to eva...

This position paper argues that the Baldwin effectis widely misunderstood by the evolutionarycomputation community. The misunderstandingsappear to fall into two general categories. Firstly,it is commonly believed that the Baldwin effect isconcerned with the synergy that results whenthere is an evolving population of learning indi-viduals. This is only half of the sto...

0 Species richness typically increases with the number of individuals sampled\ although many ecological processes that in~uence species richness are also well known to depend on density of individuals[ We separated the e}ects of density on species richness that are due to sampling\ from those due to density!dependent ecological processes such as competition or predation\ by manipulating the den...

The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) plays an important economic and ecological role in estuaries and coastal habitats from the Gulf of Mexico to the east coast of North America, but demographic assessments are limited by length-based methods. We applied an alternative aging method using bio­ chemical measures of metabolic byprod­ ucts (lipofuscins) sequestered in the neural tissue of eyestalks ...

The presence of se lf-incompatibility was tested in Centroma dia pun gens subsp. laevis and (he gene tic basis of the se lf-incompatib ility respon se was ex plored using crossing stud ies. We performed full d iallel c ross ing experiments amo ng 10 ind ividuals from one natural population and four F, families . We observed a strong se lfinco mpaubility resp onse in a ll indi viduals tested . w...

10 We introduce phylodyn, an R package for phylodynamic analysis based on gene 11 genealogies. The package main functionality is Bayesian nonparametric estimation of 12 effective population size fluctuations over time. Our implementation includes sev13 eral Markov chain Monte Carlo-based methods and an integrated nested Laplace 14 approximation-based approach for phylodynamic inference that hav...

T his report introduces and describes a method of cephalometric evaluation for in&viduals based on their own particular morphologic and morphogenetic facial patterns. References to statistical population standards are not required. The purpose of the procedure is to analyze the nature of anatomic fit among the different bones of the craniofacial complex of one subject at any age and through tim...

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A sian American and Pacific Islanders protective factors and resiliency processes across (AAPIs) are often portrayed as a AAPI ethnic groups (Yee, Huang, & Lew, 1998). resilient "model minority." AAPI indiIn this chapter, we highlight how AAPI families viduals have been described as being well eduprovide protection and diminish risk for family cated and financially stable; valuing hard work mem...

WACC Misunderstandings Dean Joh nson and Howard Qi The Weighted Average Cost of Capi tal (WACC) has become a standard tenn and toot in finance. Given its broad acceptance and use, indi viduals are tempted to apply the WACC method without critically consideri ng its theoretical fo undation. Specifically, this study explai ns two common misu nderstandings about the WACC method found in industry, ...