Due to the frequent drought periods, water consumption increase, and competition of different water-using sectors, the Hirmand catchment is in a critical water status in the Sistan region. This threat has been intensified in recent years. To cope with this problem, we must pay more attention to different types of water use such as virtual water as a water saving method. The present study calcul...

abstract- this study aims to model optimal cultivation pattern based on the maximization of importing virtual water and social net income of major crops in marvdasht, iran. for this purpose, a linear programming model was developed considering constraints of virtual water and land limitations followed by other models to include employment restrictions. based on the findings, wheat and tomato we...

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demand and supply of water in iran is unbalanced. this situation has caused a great challenge in water resources management. in order to overcome this problem, the role of international trade of virtual water has been ignored. virtual water trade is one of the key solutions for water scarcity. each country should adapt virtual water trade based upon its socio-cultural, economical, and climatic ...

khorasan razavi province with the total precipitations of less than 225 mm/year and total area of irrigated area of 1087466 hectare is considered as one of the most important agricultural region in iran. this province has also important role in local and national economy. lack of perennial river and little amount of surface water has caused 1.06 billion cubic meter of over withdrawn from ground...

The High Plains, Mississippi Embayment, and Central Valley aquifer systems within the United States are currently being overexploited for irrigation water supplies. The unsustainable use of groundwater resources in all three aquifer systems intensified from 2000 to 2008, making it imperative that we understand the consumptive processes and forces of demand that are driving their depletion. To t...