background anxiety is an unpleasant experience that may have adverse effects on the process of anesthesia, cesarean delivery, recovery period and postoperative pain. anxiety can also affect maternal satisfaction of the medical cares that provided by the medical team. objectives to compare the effects of inhalational 50% nitrous oxide (n2o) with oxygen on reducing anxiety and pain in parturients...

background preference weights for eq-5d-3l based on visual analogue scale (vas) has recently been developed in iran. the aim of the current study was to compare performance of this value set against the uk vas-based value set.   methods the mean scores for all possible 243 health states were compared using student t test. absolute agreement and consistency were investigated using concordance co...

OBJECTIVE To examine the validity of the PainMatcher in chronic pain. DESIGN Comparison of parallel pain estimates from visual analogue scales with electrical stimulus magnitude matching. PATIENTS Thirty-one patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS Twice a day ongoing pain was rated on a standard 100-mm visual analogue scale, and thereafter magnitude matching was performed usin...

OBJECTIVE Pain is a common symptom that affects quality of life in patients with post-polio syndrome. An increase in cytokine in the cerebrospinal fluid suggests that inflammation is pathophysiologically important in post-polio syndrome. Intravenous immunoglobulin might therefore be a therapeutic option. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment on ...

background:  distal femur wedge osteotomies for varus or valgus alignment of the lower extremity could be done in either uniplanar or biplanar fashion.:union: time and stability of the osteotomy site has been considered important in this anatomic region. in this study, clinical and radiographic findings of biplane distal femur osteotomy were reported. methods: clinical, functional, and radiolog...

background measuring health status by using standardized and validated instrument has become a growing concern over the past few decades throughout the developed and developing countries. the aim of the study was to investigate the overall self-reported health status along with potential inequalities by using euroqol 5 dimensions (eq-5d) instrument among low-income people of bangladesh.   me...

conclusions prophylactic gabapentin administration could be considered as an effective and safe intervention to reduce occurrence and severity of plsp after gynecologic laparoscopic cystectomy. results comparing the gabapentin (n = 20) and placebo (n = 20) groups, basic characteristics including age (p = 0.446), body mass index (bmi) (p = 0.876), pregnancy history (p = 0.660), and surgery time ...

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment in patients with and without cervical ribs and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS). From so many kinds of conservative treatment in literature, we used a multidisciplinary approach (correction of posture, maximizing muscle endurance and power, stretch shorten muscles, massage for trigger points and maximize th...