The ability of an individual to generate maximal quadriceps torque is dependent mainly upon motor unit activation characteristics. This assessment can often be considered invalid should its reproducibility be in question. Furthermore, the median frequency (MF) of sampled EMG signals during maximal voluntary efforts is inherently variable both within and between multiple trials. The purpose of t...

Muscle pain has widespread effects on motor performance, but the effect of pain on voluntary activation, which is the level of neural drive to contracting muscle, is not known. To determine whether induced muscle pain reduces voluntary activation during maximal voluntary contractions, voluntary activation of elbow flexors was assessed with both motor-point stimulation and transcranial magnetic ...

OBJECTIVES To study motor activation patterns of voluntary and reflex cough adjusted for cough flow rates. METHODS Surface electromyography (EMG) and cough flow rate were measured in 10 healthy volunteers. Voluntary cough was assessed for 20 efforts in each quintile of increasing cough flow rate. Reflex cough was assessed for 25 efforts produced by nebulised l-tartaric acid. EMG was recorded ...

Objectives: To study motor activation patterns of voluntary and reflex cough adjusted for cough flow rates. Methods: Surface electromyography (EMG) and cough flow rate were measured in 10 healthy volunteers. Voluntary cough was assessed for 20 efforts in each quintile of increasing cough flow rate. Reflex cough was assessed for 25 efforts produced by nebulised L-tartaric acid. EMG was recorded ...

We believe that the greatest hope for stopping the spread of HIV infection lies in the voluntary cooperation of those at higher risk--their willingness to undergo testing and to alter their personal behavior and goals in the interests of the community. But we can expect this voluntary cooperation--in some cases, sacrifice--only if the legitimate interests of these groups and individuals in bein...

Summary Reporting on the experiences of four bilingual Korean-American university students enrolled in Korean language classes Hawai‘i, this case study focuses their identity development and voluntary efforts to achieve heritage (HL) competence. According participants’ narratives, they all experienced regression HL abilities shift from English after entering school. However, began regain skills...

We propose a simple mechanism capable of achieving international agreement on averting the threat of global warming. It employs a contest creating incentives among participating nations to exert both efficient productive efforts and efficient emissions reductive efforts. Participation in the scheme is voluntary and turns out to be individually rational if the alternative is no agreement at all....

Sugar-sweetened beverages are widely believed to be contributing to the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity around the world. One of the channels used by industry to encourage greater consumption and preferences for soft drinks is schools. But governments around the world are taking action to limit the availability of soft drinks in schools. More than 30 national and subnational govern...

It has been observed consistently and is well accepted that the steady-state isometric force after active muscle stretch is greater than the corresponding isometric force for electrically stimulated muscles and maximal voluntary contractions. However, this so-called force enhancement has not been studied for submaximal voluntary efforts; therefore, it is not known whether this property affects ...

The politics of hope of this article is rooted in the local leadership of low income, repressed communities. One central element of the politics of hope is redemptive organizations. These organizations are a variant of voluntary associations that are distinguished by their explicitly political purpose of social transformation and concomitant requirement of personal sacrifice and transformation....