AIMS To determine the incidence, severity, and clinical course of whiplash associated disorder (WAD) in children aged 4-16 years involved as passengers in car crashes. METHODS Prospective surveillance of all paediatric attendances to three English urban emergency departments after car crashes over an eight month period. An initial structured telephone interview at day 2 after the car crash wa...

Dysregulations of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been discussed as a physiological substrate of chronic pain and fatigue. The aim of the study was to investigate possible dysregulations of the HPA axis in chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). In 20 patients with chronic WAD and 20 healthy controls, awakening cortisol responses as well as a short circadian free cortisol...

Söderlund, A. 2001. Physiotherapy Management, Coping and Outcome Prediction in Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine1001. 63 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-4948-4 The aims of the present thesis were to evaluate the management of acute WAD and to develop, describe and evaluate a cognitive behav...

BACKGROUND Sensory and motor system dysfunctions have been documented in a proportion of patients with acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD). Sensorimotor incongruence may occur and hence, may explain pain and other sensations in the acute stage after the trauma. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at (1) evaluating whether a visually mediated incongruence between sensory feedback and moto...

Jurisprudence in India, but were only then able to give a view of the general contents of the volume. A further perusal and study of this, the third, edition enables us to bear strong testimony to the very large number of improvements effected b}T Lieutenant-Colonel Wad dell, the present Editor. Lyon's Medical Jurisprudence has for over fifteen years been the standby of the Civil Surgeon in the...

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD) demonstrate altered central pain processing and impaired endogenous analgesia. In addition, previous research reported disturbances in the autonomic nervous system and the presence of post-traumatic stress reaction in patients with chronic WAD. The autonomic nervous system, in particular the autonomic stress response, might mo...

PURPOSE Stressors in acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD), as reported on a daily basis, have hitherto been neglected in research. The primary aim of this study was to describe the most stressful daily situation or event reported by individuals with acute WAD within a month of a whiplash trauma. Another aim was to describe the meaning and significance of these daily stressors, i.e. primary...

Patients with acute whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) demonstrate an inefficient endogenous pain inhibition and may experience a dysfunction in autonomic nervous system reactivity to pain. This study compared the autonomic response to painful stimuli between patients with acute and chronic WAD and healthy controls. In addition, the role of the autonomic nervous system for explaining inefficien...

BACKGROUND A whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) is an injury due to an acceleration-deceleration mechanism at the neck. WAD represents a very common and costly condition, both economically and socially. In 1995, the Quebec Task Force published a report that contained evidence-based recommendations regarding the treatment of WAD based on studies completed before 1993 and consensus-based recommen...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis and imaging findings in whiplash-associated injury (WAD) are poorly understood and remain debatable. PURPOSE To assess the ligaments and membranes in the craniocervical junction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with WAD and to compare them with healthy control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with WAD were selected at random f...