Examining the effect of hedge fund activism on gender diversity, we find that number female directors decreases after a firm is targeted by activism. Using employment history data from BoardEx, activist funds are more likely to appoint people with finance backgrounds boards target firms. And newly appointed background almost all male because lack diversity in industry. The funds’ networks and q...

This paper reports on a practical implementation of a context mediator for the fixed income securities industry. We describe industry circumstances and the data and calculation services (DCS) mediator developed and deployed in the early 1990s. The mediator was designed as an interpretive engine controlled by a static declarative knowledge structure and client preference data. In addition to het...

Should physicians sell their expertise and knowledge about clinical research to Wall Street? In recent months, financial relationships between some physicians and the investment industry have come under scrutiny.1-3 Physicians have been paid to provide investors with general information about therapeutic problems, the mechanism of action of drugs, and the regulatory process. Some of these activ...

Occupy Wall Street was a thrilling protest that briefly dominated media attention and reshaped American public life.As Todd Gitlin suggests, it was perhaps more moment than movement, but of course moments can be very important to movements. Movements are relatively long-term collective engagements in producing or guiding social change. Indeed, in the nineteenth century, the term social movement...

Housing crises are characterized by a sharp increase in foreclosure rates that generates losses to mortgage investors. To preserve the solvency of these investors, governments have historically implemented two policies: a) offer them bailouts (Wall Street), and b) subsidize the mortgage refinancing of households to prevent additional foreclosures (Main Street). The implementation of these instr...