Renewable energy plays a significant role in the world for obvious environmental and economic reasons with respect to the increasing energy crisis and fossil fuel environmental problems. Biomass energy, one of the most promising renewable energy technologies, has drawn increasing attention in recent years. However, biomass technologies still vary without an integrated framework. Considering the...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is a group of biopolymers that are extensively researched for such purpose due to the biocompatibility with mammal tissue and similar properties with conventional plastic. However, commercialization of PHA is impended by its high total production cost, which half of it are from the cost of pure carbon source feedstock. Thus, cheap and sustainable feedstocks are pref...

Pulp and paper secondary waste-treatment systems in Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, and the U.S.A. contained dynamic cyanobacterial communities, some of which exceeded heterotrophic bacterial biomass. No other viable photoautotrophic populations were detected in the ponds. Regardless of geographical location, Oscillatoriales including Phormidium, Geitlerinema, and Pseudanabaena were the dominant t...

The world in the 21st century is facing a dual crisis of increasing waste and global climate change. Substituting fossil fuels with waste biomass-derived cellulosic ethanol is a promising strategy to simultaneously meet part of our energy needs, mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and manage municipal solid waste (MSW). However, the global potential of MSW as an energy source is as yet unq...

Modern approach to utilization of non-edible biomass is its conversion to glucose, and the following fermentation of the sugar into final bioproducts. Among various biomass types, the waste of office paper is distinguished by increased content of cellulose and negligible content of lignin; therefore it can be a suitable feedstock for bioconversion into valuable bioproduct, e.g. ethanol. An adva...

INTRODUCTION Anaerobic technology have been successful applied for industrial waste water treatment. High reaction rate per unit volume by retaining the biomass in the reactor independently of the incoming waste water flow and concentration. Often high volumetric loading rates in the order of 10 to 40 kg COD/m.d are used. High rate anaerobic biological reactors may be classified into three broa...

An investigation into the possibility of replacing the conventional biomass with biodegradable municipal solid waste, which provides an alternative solution for preventing the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste (BMSW) going into landfill required by EU Landfill Directives (1999/31/EC) was carried out. However, as every type of energy have some advantages as well as disadvantages. T...

Biofuel pellets were prepared from biomass (pine, chestnut and eucalyptus sawdust, cellulose residue, coffee husks and grape waste) and from blends of biomass with two coals (bituminous and semianthracite). Their mechanical properties and combustion behaviour were studied by means of an abrasion index and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively, in order to select the best raw materials ...

The process of vermicomposting with Eisenia fetida has been regarded as a viable solution to the frequent disposal and waste of used coffee grounds. The effects of coffee grounds on earthworms have yet to be fully understood. In a manipulative experiment with varying ratios of coffee grounds and earthworms, we investigate how the amount of coffee grounds affect total earthworm biomass and also ...

in order to study the influence of municipal waste compost and chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components in maize (zea mays l.) an experiment was conducted at research farm of sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university during 2007. the experiment was arranged in split plots based on complete randomized block design with two factors and three replications. main plot incl...