A one-year survey was conducted in the greater region of Crete (located at the lower region of the Aegean Sea) for the purpose of identifying waste composition (including chemical and physical characterization), as well as any seasonal variation. The investigation was carried out repeatedly at seven landfills and one transfer station in Crete, in four phases. Each sampling phase corresponded to...

The moisture retention and compression characteristics of municipal solid waste under self-weight are likened to those of an unsaturated soil. By assuming that the solid organic fraction in waste retains a relatively immobile micropore moisture and that deformation at low confining stress occurs at the expense of a relatively large macropore system, an insight into the variation of density and ...

Waste sorts were conducted during each of the four quarters (or seasons) of 1996 at the City of Columbia Sanitary Landfill. A detailed physical sampling protocol was outlined. Weight fractions of 32 waste components were quantified from all geographic areas that contribute to the Columbia Sanitary Landfill using a two-way stratification method, which accounted for variations in geographical reg...

Ma’an city faces serious administrative challenges in managing their municipal solid waste (MSW) due to the lack of adequate information of the composition and quantities of generated solid waste. The overall objective of this research is to gain more reliable information about quantities and composition of MSW stream in Ma’an city. In this work, field survey along with a separation study at wa...

Representative dynamic properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) are required to perform reliable seismic analyses of MSW landfills. A comprehensive large-scale cyclic triaxial laboratory testing program was performed on MSW retrieved from a landfill in the San Francisco Bay area to evaluate the small-strain shear modulus, and strain-dependent normalized shear modulus reduction and material dam...

Food waste and food processing wastes which are abundant in nature and rich in carbon content can be attractive renewable substrates for sustainable biohydrogen production due to wide economic prospects in industries. Many studies utilizing common food wastes such as dining hall or restaurant waste and wastes generated from food processing industries have shown good percentages of hydrogen in g...

When many people work in organized institutions or enterprises, those institutions or enterprises become big meeting places that also have energy, water and resources necessities. One of these necessities is the correct management of the waste that is daily produced by these communities. Universities are a good example of institution where every day a great amount of people go to work or to stu...

Among the emerging environmental issues within Sub-Saharan Africa is the haphazard disposal of plastic waste, some of which end up downstream in the marine environment leading to negative effects. Notably there have been cases of humpback whales getting entangled in ‘ghost’ fishing nets, and endangered turtles ingesting plastic wastes in Watamu beach in Kenya. The aim of the current study was t...

The data on the occurrence of keratinolytic fungi in sewage, municipal solid waste and waste-contaminated habitats are reviewed. In these habitats, keratinolytic fungi occur with extreme abundance. The factors influencing qualitative and quantitative compositions of the fungi in the habitats are discussed. It is concluded that keratinolytic fungi can be the bioindicators of environmental pollut...

Gasification is the thermochemical conversion of organic feedstocks mainly into combustible syngas (CO and H(2)) along with other constituents. It has been widely used to convert coal into gaseous energy carriers but only has been recently looked at as a process for producing energy from biomass. This study explores the potential of gasification for energy production and treatment of municipal ...