There is growing concern about the sustainability of groundwater supplies worldwide. In many regions, desalination—the conversion of saline water to freshwater— is viewed as a way to increase water supplies and reduce pressure on overdrawn aquifers. Using data from reports, articles, interviews, a survey, and a focus group, this paper examines if, and how, the adoption of desalination technolog...

The purpose of this study is to propose a theoretical framework based on a balanced scorecard (BSC) for performance measurement in the water desalination supply chain (WDSC). The reason for choosing this context is that the supply chain (SC) of water desalination has received a great amount of attention, due to issues related to the increased need of fresh water for agricultural, industrial and...

• Experimental demonstration of two stage desalination and cooling • Use of chilled water for condensation of humid air • Simulation of experimental results • Comparative study on conventional condensation and improved condensation • Improved design of proposed integrated plant a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination is a simple and cost effectiv...

Environmental issues related to desalination are a major factor in the design and implementation of desalination technologies. An acceptable desalination plant is expected to meet environmental regulations; be cost-effective in terms of construction, operation and management, as well as the costs associated with monitoring and permit fees. Some major environmental concerns include issues relate...

The paper presents an overview of environmental issues that may be expected with nuclear desalination. The analysis of coupling nuclear power with desalination plants indicates that adverse marine impacts can be mitigated with alternative intake designs or cooling systems. The atmospheric impact of desalination may be greatly reduced through the coupling with nuclear power, while maximizing the...

Seawater desalination plants have been utilized to supply fresh water to the State of Kuwait since the early 50’s. In spite of the fact that there are several types of desalination technology that can be used more efficiently and economically, one type of desalination technology, namely multi-stage flash (MSF), has been used extensively in Kuwait. This work is an attempt to identify the most su...

Water desalination is an important approach to provide fresh water around the world, although its high energy consumption, and thus high cost, call for new, efficient technology. Here, we demonstrate the novel concept of a "desalination battery", which operates by performing cycles in reverse on our previously reported mixing entropy battery. Rather than generating electricity from salinity dif...

ii Acknowledgment iv Dedication vii List of Figures xvii List of Tables xxiv Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Water Crisis in Arab Countries 1 1.2 Research Motivation 2 1.3 Research Aims and Significance 3 A. The Significance of Neural Networks for Modeling of Large-Scale 4 Commercial Water Desalination Plants. B. The Significance of Steady-State and Dynamic Simulations of a Large-Scale Commercial M...

The origin and continuation of mankind is based on water. Water is one of the most abundant resources on earth, covering three-fourths of the planet’s surface. However, about 97% of the earth’s water is salt water in the oceans, and a tiny 3% is fresh water. This small percentage of the earth’s water—which supplies most of human and animal needs—exists in ground water, lakes and rivers. The onl...

Seawater desalination for agricultural irrigation will be an important contributor to satisfying growing water demands in water scarce regions. Irrigated agriculture for food production drives global water demands, which are expected to increase while available supplies are further diminished. Implementation of reverse osmosis, the current leading technology for seawater desalination, has been ...