In hemodialysis, huge amounts of water are used for diluting the concentrates to produce dialysis fluid. The water is produced on site by reverse osmosis units. The chemical and microbiological quality of the water is essential for dialysis patients. Reverse osmosis units produce water of acceptable chemical quality that can be kept throughout the water system. The microbiological water quality...

A cross-sectional study was conducted in four rural communities of northeastern Trinidad to determine the microbial quality of water supply to households and that quality's relationship to source and storage device. Of the 167 household water samples tested, total coliforms were detected in 132 of the samples (79.0%), fecal coliforms in 102 (61.1%), and E. coli in 111 (66.5%). There were signif...

OBJECTIVE To determine urinary fluoride levels in school children in a non-fluoridated area in Trinidad and Tobago. METHOD Morning urine samples were requested from 750 children aged 5 to 14 years, attending a primary school in the area of St Joseph, north west Trinidad. Urine was collected at home and brought to school in labelled plastic bottles. Urinary fluoride concentration (ppm) was mea...

Infiltrating systems microbiology concepts in the water industry requires development of a language love and shared endpoints analytical bioscience process engineering at (waste)water line.

Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Ishmael Festus Jaja, Benson Chuks Iweriebor, Larry Chikwelu Obi, Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape,...