MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Out-put) system is a core technology used in 802.11n which used multiple antennas to suppress fading. In the field of WSN network, routing protocols must be designed to minimize energy consumption for the nodes’ energy supply is constrained. Using MIMO technique in WSN could make use of the energy accumulation in the receiving nodes to increase the receiver signal ...

The exponential rise in wireless communication demands and allied applications have revitalized academia-industries to develop more efficient routing protocols. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) being battery operated network, it often undergoes node death-causing pre-ma...

Due to the resource constraint and dynamic parameters, reducing energy consumption became the most important issues of wireless sensor networks topology design. All proposed hierarchy methods cluster a WSN in different cluster layers in one step of evolutionary algorithm usage with complicated parameters which may lead to reducing efficiency and performance. In fact, in WSNs topology, increasin...

The evolution of wireless sensor network technology has enabled us to develop advanced systems for realtime monitoring. By forming wireless sensor network (WSN) we can make good monitoring systems in the Agricultural practices. The advantages of using Wireless sensor networks in agriculture are distributed data collection and monitoring, monitoring of climate, irrigation and nutrient supply. He...

Online monitoring and water quality analysis of lakes are urgently needed. A feasible and effective approach is to use a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Lake water environments, like other real world environments, present many changing and unpredictable situations. To ensure flexibility in such an environment, the WSN node has to be prepared to deal with varying situations. This paper presents a...

The growing awareness of the strategic value of service along with higher product performance expectations has directed many industries to adopt service centric competitive strategies in managing their supply chains. Service innovation based on currently available advanced technologies has become critical in improving enterprises’ competitive strengths. Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology,...

The real-life wireless sensor networks (WSNs) nowadays often include nodes that are powered by various power sources: mains; primary or secondary batteries; or energy harvesting systems, which generate power from the environment. Although information about the parameters of the available power sources for the WSN node is crucial for optimising the operation of the whole network, the contemporar...

The industrial Internet of Things (IoT) is aiming to interconnect humans, machines, materials, processes and services in a network. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises the less power consuming, light weight and effective Sensor Nodes (SNs) for higher network performance. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and sensor networks are both wireless technologies that provide limitless future po...

The world’s population is expected to double by 2050; world food supply is unlikely to double by doubling the area under cultivation or by doubling the availability of water. There are other challenges too, such as decline in the number of farms and a decline in the number of agriculture workforce. Climate change is expected to further aggravate the existing situation. Therefore, for the humani...