The cotyledons of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) seeds contained 50 to 60% of their weight as intracellular wax esters. During germination there was a gradual decrease in the wax content with a concomitant rise in soluble carbohydrates, suggesting that the wax played the role of a food reserve. Thin layer chromatography revealed that both the fatty alcohol and fatty acid were metabolized. The di...

Taking the axial heat conduction of wax deposition layer into account, a two-dimensional heat transfer model of calculating the temperature profile inside wax deposition layer was deduced and established based on the energy balance equation, the finite difference method was used to solve this model, and the influence of axial heat conduction on the distribution law of temperature profile inside...

Alpine meadow ecosystems are susceptible to climate changes. Still, climate impact on cuticular wax in alpine meadow plants is poorly understood. Assessing the variations of cuticular wax in alpine meadow plants across different latitudes might be useful for predicting how they may respond to climate change. We studied nine alpine meadows in a climate gradient in the east side of Qinghai-Tibeta...

in order to evaluate the effect of terminal water deficit stress on leaf traits and their relations to grain yield in different barley genotypes (‘yousof’, ‘fajr30’, ‘nosrat’, ‘pbyt-46’, ‘pbyt-97’ and ‘morocco’), two separated experiments were conducted in stress (water withholding from anthesis towards the end of growing season), and non stress (normal irrigation) conditions based on rcbd with...

Mammals are known to utilize wax esters with an efficiency of less than 50%. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether or not minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), which at times may eat considerable amounts of wax-ester-rich krill, represent an exception to this general pattern. Samples of fresh undigested forestomach, as well as colon, contents were obtained from minke whal...

We describe the use of the weighted distance transform (WDT) to enhance applications designed for volume visualization of segmented anatomical datasets. The WDT is presented as a general technique to generate a derived characteristic of a scalar field that can be used in multiple ways during rendering. We obtain real-time interaction with the volume by calculating the WDT on the graphics card. ...

OBJECTIVE To see the expression of cytokeratin 19, a proven helpful marker for the differential diagnosis of neoplastic follicular patterned lesions of thyroid. METHODS This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from 2000 to 2005. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections were...

We have investigated how four different pour point depressant (PPD) polymers affect the pour point transition in mixtures of a single pure wax in a solvent. We used either n-eicosane (C20), CH3(CH2)18CH3, n-tetracosane (C24), CH3(CH2)22CH3 or n-hexatriacontane (C36), CH3(CH2)34CH3 as the wax component with either n-heptane or toluene as the solvent component. For all wax-solvent combinations, t...

PURPOSE To compare the effects of the water-drinking test (WDT) with the 30° inverted body position test on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal patients, suspected glaucoma patients and glaucoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on clinical evaluation of the optic disk, IOP, and standard achromatic perimetry (SAP) of 71 eyes, 18 were "normal" (normal SAP and optic disk evaluation, and IO...

Standard melting point analyses only partially describe the thermal properties of eusocial beeswaxes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that thermal phase changes in wax are initiated at substantially lower temperatures than visually observed melting points. Instead of a sharp, single endothermic peak at the published melting point of 64 degrees C, DSC analysis of Apis mellifera ...