BACKGROUND Whipple disease (WD) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei. WD DNA has been found in stool and saliva specimens from patients and asymptomatic carriers. METHODS A total of 4418 samples that were sent to our center for determination of WD were tested by a T. whipplei-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on repetitive sequences. Definite...

conclusions co-occurrence of pbc with wd is rare, which can cause diffusely intrahepatic copper deposition. early liver biopsy and genetic testing are necessary for the diagnosis. the combination of ursodeoxycholic acid with zinc and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate is effective. introduction both primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) and wilson’s disease (wd) can cause copper retention in the live...

Well-differentiated/dedifferentiated (WD/DD) liposarcoma is a rare malignancy of adipocyte origin ("fat cancer"). Tumors may be entirely WD, WD with a DD component, or rarely DD without a clear WD component. WD tumors are low grade and generally indolent, while tumors with a DD component are high grade and behave much more aggressively, with a modest potential for distant metastasis. The presen...

The epithelial Wolffian duct (WD) inserts into the cloaca (primitive bladder) before metanephric kidney development, thereby establishing the initial plumbing for eventual joining of the ureters and bladder. Defects in this process cause common anomalies in the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). However, developmental, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of...

Wood density (WD) is not only an important parameter to estimate aboveground biomass but also an indicator of timber quality and plant adaptation strategies to stressful conditions (i.e., windthrow, pests, and pathogens). This study had three objectives: (1) to compare WD among seven subtropical tree species; (2) to determine how tree growth traits may influence possible differences in WD betwe...

OBJECTIVES Many studies have provided information on employment and work disability (WD) rates in patients with SLE, yet are often limited by small sample sizes, poor generalizability or fail to examine the risks and outcomes of WD. Our objective was to systematically review the literature on WD in SLE to identify a more generalizable point estimate and range of WD in SLE patients. METHODS A ...

The Wigner distribution (WD) and WD-based signal synthesis can be used for designing and processing signals in a joint time-frequency domain. Unfortunately, the performance of this method is adversely affected by the occurrence of interference terms (IT’S) in the WD. This paper provides an analysis of IT effects in WD-based signal synthesis, and shows that IT effects can be substantially reduce...

This longitudinal study was conducted to determine (a) the rate of co-occurrence of reading disabilities (RDs) in a writing disability (WD) population of students followed from first grade to fourth grade and (b) the cognitive burden that is assumed by having a WD and a RD (WD + RD). The sample included 137 first-grade students from a single school district who initially were placed into three ...

Awhite dwarf (WD) captured into a high-eccentricity orbit around amassive black hole (MBH) may undergo many pericentre passages before tidal disruption. During these passages, the tidal potential of the MBH excites internal oscillations or waves in the WD, and the dissipation of these oscillations can significantly influence the physical properties of the WD prior to its disruption. We calculat...

Wilson disease (WD) was a once progressive and uniformly fatal inherited disorder of copper metabolism. Medical therapy to arrest progression or prevent complications of WD was developed in the 1950s with the introduction of parenterally administered BAL [1], and over the next two decades by oral therapy with d-penicillamine, trientine, and zinc [2]. Effective therapy for WD requires life-long ...