This paper reconsiders the welfare costs of ination and the welfare gains from
nancial intermediation in a heterogeneous-agent economy where money is held as a store of value (as in Bewley, 1980). Because of heterogeneous liquidity demand, transitory lump-sum money injections can have persistent expansionary e¤ects despite exible prices, and such e¤ects can be greatly ampli
ed by the banking...