BACKGROUND Carpet weaving operations usualy involve poor working conditions that can lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study investigated MSDs among car¬pet weavers in relation to working conditions from workers' view in Tabriz City, Northwest Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in city of Tabriz, Iran. Data were col¬lected us...

It is generally assumed that birds build nests according to a genetic 'template', little influenced by learning or memory. One way to confirm the role of genetics in nest building is to assess the repeatability of nest morphology with repeated nest attempts. Solitary weaver birds, which build multiple nests in a single breeding season, are a useful group with which to do this. Here we show that...

Interspecific communication is common in nature, particularly between mutualists. However, whether signals evolved for communication with other species, or are in fact conspecific signals eavesdropped upon by partners, is often unclear. Fork-tailed drongos (Dicrurus adsimilis) associate with mixed-species groups and often produce true alarms at predators, whereupon associating species flee to c...

Aspect orientation has been used to improve the modularization of crosscutting concerns that emerge at different levels of software abstraction. Although initial research was focused on imparting aspect-oriented (AO) capabilities to programming languages, the paradigm was later on extended to software artifacts that appear at higher levels of abstraction (e.g., models). In particular, the Model...

This paper introduces GRS-based AOP which explains a large subclass of AOP weavers as graph rewrite systems (GRS). The corresponding class of AOP problems has a formal background since it inherits all features of graph rewrite systems such as criteria for termination , connuence, and unique normal forms. In particular, it it shown that diierent kinds of rewrite rules form diierent weaver classe...

Long hours of static work with awkward posture at traditionally designed looms can cause high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among carpet weavers. A comprehensive study was conducted in this industry with the objectives of determination of MSDs symptoms prevalence; identification of major factors associated with MSDs symptoms in carpet weaving occupation; and development of guid...

Several new modularity technologies have been proposed that improve separation of concerns in programming languages. In particular, research in Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) has been promoted as a means toward the separation of concerns that crosscut the modularity of an implementation. This brief summary presents two research objectives for extending AOP. First, the concept of AOP is inves...

Parallel programming on distributed memory systems is one of the most challenging research areas in parallel computing today. Objectbased parallel programming languages are an important class of languages for such systems. Shared objects allow the programmer to deal with data partitioning, communication, and synchronization in a highlevel manner. Synchronizing operations on a single object is w...