Nonpoint source pollution affects the quality of numerous watersheds in the Midwestern United States. The Illinois State Water Survey conducted this study to ~1! assess the potential of artificial neural networks ~ANNs! in forecasting weekly nitrate-nitrogen ~nitrate-N! concentration; and ~2! evaluate the uncertainty associated with those forecasts. Three ANN models were applied to predict week...

Climate change is expected to alter precipitation patterns. Droughts may become longer and more frequent, and the timing and intensity of precipitation may change. We tested how shifting precipitation patterns, both seasonally and by frequency of events, affects soil nitrogen availability, plant biomass and diversity in a shrub-steppe temperate grassland along a natural productivity gradient in...

We used remotely sensed weekly snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow cover extent (SCE) data to investigate streamflow response to seasonal snowcover change over the Yukon watershed. We quantified the seasonal cycles and variations of snowcover (both SWE and SCE) and river streamflow, and identified a clear correspondence of river discharge to seasonal snowcover change. We also examined and comp...

The use of computer applications can be a frustrating experience. This study replicates previous studies of the amount of time users – involuntarily – spend trying to diagnose and recover from problems they encounter while using computer applications such as web browsers, email, and text processing. In the present study, 21 users self-reported their frustrating experiences during an average of ...

A weekly cycle in aerosol pollution and some meteorological quantities is observed over Europe. In the present study we exploit this effect to analyse aerosol-cloudradiation interactions. A weekly cycle is imposed on anthropogenic emissions in two general circulation models that include parameterizations of aerosol processes and cloud microphysics. It is found that the simulated weekly cycles i...

decreasing changes of climatic elements such as: daily precipitation, weekly precipitation, seasonal precipitation and annual precipitation can be toward to drought phenomena. the recognition it and planning for passing it, could be decreasing of disasters, because create of drought is slow but it effects is very damages. the aim of this paper is descriptive analyze and it type of research is a...

Seasonal forecasts run by the Eta Model over South America were evaluated with respect to precipitation predictability at different time scales, seasonal, monthly and weekly for one-year period runs. The model domain was configured over most of South America in 40 km horizontal resolution and 38 layers. The lateral boundary conditions were taken from CPTEC GCM forecasts at T62L28. The sea surfa...