The parameters of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) are transition and emission probabilities‎. ‎Both can be estimated using the Baum-Welch algorithm‎. ‎The process of discovering the sequence of hidden states‎, ‎given the sequence of observations‎, ‎is performed by the Viterbi algorithm‎. ‎In both Baum-Welch and Viterbi algorithms‎, ‎it is assumed that...

BACKGROUND The Walking Estimated-Limitation Calculated by History (WELCH) questionnaire has been proposed to evaluate walking impairment in patients with intermittent claudication (IC), presenting satisfactory psychometric properties. However, a Brazilian Portuguese version of the questionnaire is unavailable, limiting its application in Brazilian patients. OBJECTIVE To analyze the psychometr...

In this paper we compare the performance of acoustic HMMs obtained through Viterbi training with that of acoustic HMMs obtained through the Baum-Welch algorithm. We present recognition results for discrete and continuous HMMs, for read and spontaneous speech databases, acquired at 8 and 16 kHz. We also present results for a combination of Viterbi and Baum-Welch training, intended as a trade-off...

bahrakan region is one of the four important and major areas of oil and economy in the persian gulf. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of meiofauna as bioindicator of environmental pollution and the influence of organic contaminants on variation of meiofauna. sampling has done from 9 stations in three transects perpendicular to the intertidal shoreline, in the cold season (winter 20...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat proses dan hasil pewarnaan graf menggunakan Algoritma Welch-Powell dalam penyusunan jadwal mata kuliah Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Sanata Dharma. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah terapan. akan diterapkan ini. Metode mengumpulkan data studi kepustakaan wawancara. Objek daftar dosen, kuliah, jam aktif perkuliahan, serta banyaknya kelas ...

Heart rate variability (HRV) is frequently used to measure autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying pharmacologically induced changes in HRV. Previous research has shown that nicotine exposure stimulates the ANS, mediating a wide spectrum of physiological and behavioral effects, including altered respiratory sinus arrhythmia and enhanced a...