Integrated – economic, environmental, and social – assessment tools can provide a clear indication of both the positive and the negative impacts of trade liberalisation from which effective policies to reduce the negative impacts, and strengthen the positive ones can be developed. Assessments feeding into the policy development process can promote increased integration of environmental and soci...

What purposes should social and labor market policy serve in increasingly interrelated economic systems? And do current arrangements serve them well in the European framework? This paper reviews the relevant issues focusing in particular on assignment of decision power at different levels of governance, and on theoretically clear and empirically apparent sources of incoherent and ineffective po...

Because politicians have control rights in the first place, giving them further control may actually raise social welfare by introducing some coherence in public policies. We show that public ownership of an institution is a constrained optimum when (a) stakes of allocating public funds to the institution are high; (b) the distribution of electoral weight is not highly skewed either towards or ...

In Australian welfare reform debate, a range of approaches and policies have been advocated. Regardless of their diversity, I argue that the debate has an unnecessarily narrow framework resulting from the widespread acceptance of at least three welfare reform myths. First, is the idea that the current system is anachronistic and in disrepair. Instead of this narrow focus on welfare policy, I ar...

What purposes should social and labor market policy serve in increasingly interrelated economic systems, and do current arrangements serve them well in the European framework? This paper reviews historical experiences and theoretical issues, focusing in particular on assignment of decision power at different levels of governance and on theoretically clear and empirically apparent sources of inc...

as an industrial crop, sugar beet plays an important role in meeting domestic demand for sugar. given the higher level of imported sugar iniran, the application of protectionist policies is an approach for supplying required sugar. one of these policies is technological improvement. in order to study the effect of this policy, sugar beet supply and demand equations in 1971-2008 were fitted by t...

This paper reviews current criticisms of the welfare state, in particular those put forth in West Germany and Austria. The review is set against a background of alternative attitudes toward social policy-attitudes forming a spectrum of ways in which the term "social policy" may be defined in Europe. It is pointed out that the "crisis of the welfare state" is not solely a fiscal crisis. It must ...

the purpose of this paper is to estimate the welfare cost of inflation in iran. we first use the long-horizon regression approach developed by fisher and seater (1993) to obtain an estimate of the inflation rate elasticity of money demand and then the baily’s consumer surplus approach to calculate the welfare cost function. the results show that reducing inflation rate from 40% to 0% increases ...

Urbanization in China has in part been subject to centrally planned control and in part has resulted from the pressures of industrialization and economic development. One of the major, if neglected, influences has been the social policies controlling internal migration and influencing urban-rural inequalities in income and social welfare. Urbanization poses continuing and growing challenges for...