With little precipitation (<10 cm water equivalent annually as snow), soils of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) have limited water available to support hydrological or biogeochemical processes. Active layer depths across most of this landscape are <1 m. Saturated sediments are obvious in wetted margins on the shorelines of lakes, extending for up to ~10 m into a zone where typically arid MDV soils...

Environmental Flow Requirement (EFR) is defined as the flow that is necessary to ensure the existence of habitats in water resources systems. EFR is defined in rivers as flow index commonly. Tennant method is the most popular hydrological method in rivers and based on the historic flow data. The most common method of hydraulic rating method is the wetted perimeter method. Habitat simulation tec...

This paper conducts an investigation towards main aircraft cabin parameters. The aim is two-fold: First, a handbook method is used to preliminary design the aircraft cabin. Second, an objective function representing the “drag in the responsibility of the cabin” is created and optimized using both an analytical approach and a stochastic approach. Several methods for estimating wetted area and ma...

The research studies the interaction between subcooled small diameter water jet and thick steel heater at different surface temperatures, liquid velocities angles. Although temperature exceeded Leidenfrost reached 340 o C, liquid, according to visual observations, wetted surface. Geometrical characteristics of area deflection angles were measured. It was hypothesised that from surface, accompan...

................................................................................................................................................iii 1.0 Background...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Instream Flow Requirements...............................................................................