Introduction Pseudotail is uncommon congenital malformation of the spine, it contains bone, cartilage, notochord and elements of spinal cord. Usually presented as protrusion of the coccygeal vertebra. It may come as solo deformity or in association of tethered cord, myelomeningoceol and other spine deformity, can be part of syndrome, never been reported. It’s different from true tail, which usu...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital disorder characterized by defect in the diaphragm, which causes contents of stomach to protrude into chest cavity. Increased survival CDH patients related initial management form ventilator strategy, pulmonary hypertension, improvement surgical and anesthetic techniques, use extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) when indicated. Early st...

In the crystal of the title hydrated salt, C(5)H(7)N(2) (+)·C(12)H(10)O(2)P(-)·H(2)O, the cations, anions and water mol-ecules connected by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a layer along the bc plane; the phenyl rings protrude into the space between the layers. The dihedral angle between rings of anion is 86.1 (1)°.

Although most of the maxillary sinus retention cysts are asymptomatic, a few of them increase in size and cause symptoms. However, they rarely erode bony walls nor protrude into the inferior meatus. I present 2 cases with maxillary sinus retention cysts protruding into the inferior meatus by making a large defect on the medial wall of the maxillary sinus.

What happens when machines become more intelligent than humans? One view is that this event will be followed by an explosion to evergreater levels of intelligence, as each generation of machines creates more intelligent machines in turn. This intelligence explosion is now often known as the ‘singularity’. The basic argument here was set out by the statistician I.J. Good in his 1965 article ‘Spe...