The conversions of vanillic acid and O-benzylvanillic acid to vanillin were examined by using whole cells and enzyme preparations of Nocardia sp. strain NRRL 5646. With growing cultures, vanillic acid was decarboxylated (69% yield) to guaiacol and reduced (11% yield) to vanillyl alcohol. In resting Nocardia cells in buffer, 4-O-benzylvanillic acid was converted to the corresponding alcohol prod...

to find the effects of spring foliar application of volck® mineral oil and its combination with fertilizer on the physiological, yield and quality characteristics of pistachio fruit, this research was done in the form of a randomized complete block design (rcbd) of 12 treatments and 3 replications on ohadi pistachio cultivar in chatrud of kerman in 2006 and 2007 for a duration of two years. the...

Conventional fermentation technologies are limited due to low reactor productivity, low product yield, and low product concentration mainly due to product inhibition. There are several ways of improving the overall behavior of a biotechnological process. The cells can be modified so that the product is excreted prior to reaching inhibiting concentrations. Furthermore, a selective mutation of th...

This paper describes the development of a biocatalytic process on the multi-dozen gram scale for the synthesis of a precursor to Nylon-9, a specialty polyamide. Such materials are growing in demand, but their corresponding monomers are often difficult to synthesize, giving rise to biocatalytic approaches. Here, we implemented cyclopentadecanone monooxygenase as an Escherichia coli whole-cell bi...

Nitration of potassium sulphamate was carried out using a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid at -30 °C. The reaction time was optimized at the mole ratio of sulphuric to nitric acid of (1:3.5). The difference in product yield by changing the potassium to ammonium sulphamate was studied throughly. It was found that both the yield and purity of the product is better starting with potassium ...

This article describes an in−depth follow−up to previous studies showing that an oil−methanol mixer prior to an RD reactor played an important role in enhancing the overall performance of the RD reactor system. An in−line static mixer was used for the purpose of providing initial mixing of the reactants, heating the mixture up to the desired operating temperature, and carrying out a substantial...

In this study, the protocol of quality analysis method meat and processed products was conducted to be used in development various products. Meat have many considerations when analyzing compared with other food groups. The determinants are pH, color, water holding capacity, age, fatty acid composition, marbling, lipid oxidation. differed from product product, so whole ground were analyzed separ...

Catalytic naphtha reforming is one of the most important processes in which, low quality naphtha is converted into high octane motor gasoline. In this study, a mathematical model was developed and was used for investigation the effect of temperature, pressure, hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio on the octane number, the yield of product and the undesirable phenomena of coke deposition in a semiregen...

The cycloalkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl cyanoacetate with alkyl dihalide was investigated by using comminuted potassium carbonate as a base and toluene as a solvent in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTMAB) as a phase-transfer catalyst, which provided a conventional procedure with the advantage of short reaction period and high product yield. The factors influencin...