in the islamic legal system, sale contract is regarded as among appropriative (tamlīkī) contracts, without any difference existing between the designation of the object of sale and its being wholesale (kullī). thus, there has been a considerable controversy among the jurists on the time for designation of mabī‘ (object of sale) with the presumption that mabī‘ is wholesale, which would bring abo...

It is very necessary to research the fluctuation of agricultural products prices as well as the data character. In this paper, the wholesale price of agricultural product is considered. The monofractal analysis and multifractal analysis methods are introduced to study wholesale price. We select the appropriate algorithm to calculate the fractal characteristics of the celery wholesale price. Res...

We study how a major retailer passes wholesale price changes onto its regular retail prices using an unusually detailed dataset that allows us to study discrete price change events. The data reveals that the pass-through decision has two components: the firm decides whether to change its regular retail prices, and then conditional on this decision, it selects the magnitude of the price change. ...

• How large of an effect can the temporal variation of wind power have on the value of wind in different wind resource areas? • Which locations are affected most positively or negatively by the seasonal and diurnal timing of wind speeds? • How compatible are wind resources in the Pacific Northwest and California with wholesale power prices and loads in either region? • Can modeled/estimated win...

Inflation-adjusted farm prices and farm-wholesale marketing margins for beef and pork have declined over several decades. For example, from 1970 to 1998, real slaughter steer and hog prices declined by 50% and 66%, respectively, while real beef and pork farm-wholesale (FW) marketing margins declined by 57% and 65%, respectively (Figures 1 and 2). These changes have been attributed to declining ...

Wholesale affiliates account for a significant share of the foreign earnings of multinational firms. Yet little is known about them since empirical work on multinationals typically focuses on manufacturing affiliates. Instead, it has been presupposed that wholesale affiliates are a form of exporting by the parent company, and not a form of foreign direct investment. This paper presents evidence...

This paper presents an empirical examination of the effects of both deposit market competition and of wholesale funding on bank risk simultaneously. The traditional view of the relation between competition and risk has focused on the disciplining role of the charter value. In this project we argue that if the structure of bank liabilities and the costs of retail and wholesale funding are jointl...

Fat hardness/softness directly affects efficiency of processing and fat also contributes to the desirable eating attributes of meat. In terms of meat quality, fat quality attributes of colour, hardness and texture are important for certain markets. The quality of fat can markedly affect the carcase value at the wholesale level—particularly that for the Japanese market, which prefers soft white ...

magnetotelluric (mt) method is an important passive surface geophysical method which uses the earth’s natural electromagnetic fields to investigate the electrical resistivity structure of the subsurface. the depth of investigation of mt is much higher than that of other electromagnetic (em) methods (vozoff, 1991). for a general conductivity distribution in the earth, the horizontal electric fie...