This is a paper about premodification in the English noun phrase, focusing on functions of attributive adjectives. Modification in general is an issue that has received comparatively little attention in linguistic research, at least outside the field of syntax (see eg Frawley 1992: 437); Although there are some systematic descriptions of premodifier functions to be found in the literature, much...

Automatic and semi-automatic methods for the extraction of topographic information are a present research topic. Especially for topographic mapping and navigation applications road extraction is important, but still not in practice. Due to the speckle effect and the limited width of roads with respect to the ground resolution automatic road extraction from SAR imagery is rather difficult. In th...

Unpaved roads are one of the most relevant causes of erosion process in rural regions. Locating unpaved roads in low-resolution satellite images is not a trivial task. Although they have the spectral response of bare soil, their spatial width is often far below the pixel size. Therefore, the pixels crossed by unpaved roads have a different spectral response over the scene depending on the surro...

Internationally exploited lubricants are derived from coal and petroleum. Due to their high consumption and effects of their long-term pollution on the environment, it is imperative to use renewable and cheap feedstock for the synthesis of bio-based lubricants. This study presents the synthesis and optimization process of Ethylene Glycol (EG) based bio-lubricant from palm kernel oil. Palm Kerne...

This paper addresses the issue of extracting main and secondary road networks in dense urban areas from very high resolution (VHR, ~0.61m) satellite images. The difficulty with secondary roads lies in the low discriminative power of the grey-level distributions of road regions and the background, and the greater effect of occlusions and other noise on narrower roads. To tackle this problem, we ...

forest roads are directions in natural habitats that used to transport wood products, secondary forest products and recreation. constructing forest roads causes trees clearing with specified width thus lead to direct or indirect changes in forest ecosystems and forest environment. this study aims to assess the changes of diversity and richness indices in main and secondary forest roads in a par...

Roads and cities represent huge sources of degradation for adjacent ecosystems regarding nutrient cycling, energy, water flow and species composition. In this study we test the hypothesis that distance from roads and cities is associated with habitat loss and fragmentation in the caatinga vegetation--a dry forest to scrub vegetation that covers ca. 736,000 km2 of northeast Brazil. The study sit...

In this research, the centers involved in relief operations in Tehran traffic area districts have been compared and the supply-demand ratio has been specified through a relation presented separately for each district. The supply has been evaluated based on three parameters: 1) No of relief centers, 2) congestion of the main road (the ratio of the length of the main road to the area of the distr...