Considering that forests are crucial in the ecosystem of our planet and provide timber products as well several services, it is evident application sustainable forest operations (SFOs) substantial importance to achieve management (SFM). One most important issues be evaluated when dealing with SFOs limiting disturbance impacts related logging. Harvesting activities can indeed alter conditions so...

Productivity assessment studies are essential in forest operations, mainly because their results enable operational planning and rate setting, the development of equitable payment systems, environmental performance, improvements brought by technology development, optimization larger forest-based systems. This study examines productive performance fuel consumption farm-tractor based skidding ope...

In the Shafaroud forest, logging operation is generally performed by using selective cutting methods. Chainsaw and cable skidder are two main forest machines for harvesting of this forest. However, forest harvesting operations result in serious residual stand damage during felling, winching and skidding operations in this forest. Residual stand damage resulting from selective cutting was asses...

Understanding the stability of trees under lateral loads arising from natural hazards (e.g. extreme weather and debris flows) is important, as fallen can become a potential threat to life infrastructure. Two 1 : 20 scale three-dimensional printed analogue root system models, with architectures field-surveyed architecture data, were used simulate push-over behaviour in silty sand different condi...

hyrcanian (caspian) forest in northern iran with many endemic and endangered species is a rich area for biodiversity. the use of ground-based skidding is well accepted practice for the extraction of timber from the forest, but this has tended to cause the greatest environmental problems. the aim of the study was to evaluate and comparison of environmental impacts, residual stand damage, regener...

The relationship between the anchorage mechanics and root architecture of Pinus peuce was investigated by carrying out winching tests and examining excavated root systems of 20 mature trees. The root system was dominated by 6.1 ± 1.3 lateral roots, more than 70% of the lateral root cross sectional area (CSA) being distributed in the uppermost 10 cm of soil. Anchorage strength was related to the...