conditional monitoring is prerequisite to prevent severe damage or falling down the trees. problems such as trunk decays, reduces trees resistance against wind and floods. in this study, a mathematical modeling technique is being selected to determine the trees strength against such events. finally, an applicable model for safety factor was created by having numeral (dimensions of crown and tru...

Present-day surface wind stress climatology is manipulated to simulate wind conditions during the last glacial maximum. These estimated wind fields force a onelayer, wind-driven numerical model of the southern ocean to determine if a change in the strength of the surface wind stress can shift the location of the Antarctic Polar Front, which is part of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. A change...

Upwelling of nutrient-rich, subsurface water sustains high productivity in the ocean's eastern boundary currents. These ecosystems support a rate of fish harvest nearly 100 times the global mean and account for >20% of the world's marine fish catch. Environmental variability is thought to be the major cause of the decadal-scale biomass fluctuations characteristic of fish populations in these re...

Different measures of wind influence the ocean in different ways. In particular, the time-averaged mixed layer turbulent energy production rate is proportional to !u *", where u* is the “oceanic friction velocity” that is based on wind stress. Estimating !u *" from monthly averages of wind stress or wind speed may introduce large biases due to the day-to-day variability of the direction and mag...

[1] The energy input to the upper ocean Ekman layer is assessed for the Southern Ocean by examining the rotary cross spectrum between wind stress and surface velocity for frequencies between 0 and 2 cpd. The wind stress is taken from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-40 reanalysis, and drifter measurements from 15 m depth are used to represent surface velocities, with an ad...

During hurricane events, large stress cycles from the non-stationary wind and dynamic vehicle loads could possibly induce damage initiations and propagations. Utilizing the non-stationary wind field modeling techniques and the recent developed vehicle-bridge-wind dynamic analysis framework, this paper initiates the bridge fatigue damage assessment of bridges under vehicle and non-stationary ext...

Coastal waters are an aerodynamically unique environment that has been little explored from an air-sea interaction point of view. Consequently, most studies must assume that open ocean-derived parameterizations of the air-sea momentum flux are representative of the nearshore wind forcing. Observations made at the New River Inlet in North Carolina, during the Riverine and Estuarine Transport exp...

Using satellite-based wind and sea surface temperature (SST) observations, linear trend and interannual variability of wind stress, turbulent heat flux (Q) and wind stress curl are addressed for the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean (ISO, 0 ̊E 155 ̊E) for the period 2000-2009. The analysis reveals that spatial mean of Q varies between 70 and 73 Wm−2 in the austral summer and winter, respe...

The aim of the project is to detect and quantify the egect of sea state on the wind stress. An overview of the basic theory of wind stress in the surface layer is provided, along with a more detailed description of the inertial dissipation method which is used to obtain stress estimates for this study. Wind stress measurements by other researchers illustrate the large scatter which seems to be ...