Abstract: Aim: The present study aims at exploring the development of xylometazoline hydrochloride loaded chitosan nanoparticles (XYL-NP) cross linked with calcium chloride for treatment nasal congestion. Materials and Methods: XYL-NP were prepared using different polymer like chitosan, linking agent glacial acetic acid as a solvent enhancer ionotropic gelation method, which was further optimiz...

Xylometazoline is a drug which is used as a topical nasal decongestant. It is applied directly into the nose, either as a spray or as drops. Xylometazoline is an imidazole derivative which is designed to mimic the molecular shape of adrenaline. It binds to alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucosa. Due to its sympathomimetic effects, it should not be used by people with high blood pressure...

1 El-Seify ZA, Khattab AM, Shaaban AA, Metwalli OE, Hassan HE, Ajjoub LF. Xylometazoline pretreatment reduces nasotracheal intubation-related epistaxis in paediatric dental surgery. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105: 501–5; doi:10.1093/bja/aeq205 2 Kihara S, Komatsuzaki T, Brimacombe JR, et al. A silicone-based wire-reinforced tracheal tube with a hemispherical bevel reduces nasal morbidity for nasotrache...

Our technique is performed under general anesthesia with oral intubation. The nose is decongested with 0.05% xylometazoline hydrochloride solution. Examination is performed with a 2.1 mm rigid endoscope. After insertion of an oral gag, a suture is used to retract the soft palate forwards. The atretic choanae are visualized with a 120° rigid endoscope transorally (Figure 1a). Urethral sounds (5F...

The nasal decongestants oxymetazoline and xylometazoline are frequently used in the topical treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis. As nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play a role in inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, the aim of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of these compounds on the activity and the expression of NO producing enzymes, including the inducible form of NO s...