The cordon pricing scheme is an efficient measure to untie congestion and environmental problems in urban metropolitan areas. Since March of 2007, Mashhad has implemented a restricted Central Business District (CBD) Zone as a seasonal congestion management program. The primary goal of the Mashhad cordon scheme is to reduce traffic congestion throughout the CBD. This paper describes the main fea...

the main objective of this article is to present a comparative study of capital assets pricing models (capm) with extrapolating capital assets pricing models (x-capm) of companies admitted in tehran exchange market which is accomplished for the first time by investigators of this research in iran. accordingly, the statistical population under study of this research includes all companies admitt...

optimal pricing of public parking can improve parking management. this leads to traffic flow, thereby reduces the cost of transportation network. in this paper, the transportation network with some origins, destinations, and public parking was considered. in the network, private cars drivers depending on travel time between origin and parking (driving time), travel time between parking and dest...

In 2003, the city of London implemented a congestion pricing policy in order to reduce traffic and raise revenues for transit improvements. The dramatic success of this system has led to widespread consideration of the adoption of such variable tolling, including road pricing, in dense urban cores around the world. While from many perspectives the broad implementation of such congestion pricing...

In the electricity market, different pricing models can be applied to increase market competitiveness. Different systems use structures. Uniform marginal pricing, zonal and nodal methods are commonly used For markets wishing move from a uniform structure more competitive structure, determination of price zones is critical for achieving that generates accurate signals. Three zone detection algor...

We investigate the impact of price discrimination by a large Chicago supermarket chain. First we measure the impact of the chain’s current zone-pricing policy on shelf prices, variable profits and consumer welfare across its stores. Using the chain’s database to simulate a finer store-specific micropricing policy, we study the implications of this policy on profits and welfare. We show how a st...