Pycnocycla caespitosa is an essential oil-containing plant naturally growing in southwest of Iran. The extract of this plant has been used as remedy in traditional medicine. Another species of Pycnocyla (P. spinosa) possessed antispasmodic activity. The pharmacological objective of this study was to look for relaxant effect of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of P. caespitosa on rat iso...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of skeletal muscle function and metabolism, including vasoregulation, mitochondrial function, glucose uptake, fatigue and excitation-contraction coupling. The main generator of NO in skeletal muscle is the muscle-specific form of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ) produced by the NOS1 gene. Skeletal muscle nNOSμ is predominantly localized at the sarcolem...

‎In this paper, generalized convex contractions on orthogonal metric spaces are stablished in whath  might be called their  definitive versions. Also, we show that there are examples which show that our main theorems are  genuine generalizations of Theorem 3.1 and 3.2 of [M.A. Miandaragh, M. Postolache and S. Rezapour,  {it Approximate fixed points of generalized convex contractions}, Fixed Poi...

In this paper, a new stratification of mappings, which is  called $Psi$-simulation functions, is introduced  to enhance the study of the Suzuki type weak-contractions. Some well-known results in weak-contractions fixed point theory are generalized by our researches. The methods have been appeared in proving the main results are new and different from the usual methods. Some suitable examples ar...

Clonidine is a classically categorized α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) agonist that produces vascular contractions by stimulating arterial smooth muscle α2-ARs. However, clonidine inhibits α1-AR-mediated arterial contractions. Recently, it was suggested that repeated stimulation with clonidine induces desensitization of α2-ARs, thus inhibiting noradrenaline-induced smooth muscle contractions. In the pr...

Interdigestive contractile activity of the gastric body, antrum, pyloric ring and duodenum was recorded by means of chronically implanted force transducers in 5 conscious dogs. In accordance with interdigestive phase III contractions in the gastroduodenal region, a burst of strong contractions and remarkable relaxations were observed to occur in the pyloric ring. In accordance with the intense ...

This study of chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) subjects investigated patterns of central motor drive (i.e., central activation) of the plantar flexors using interpolated twitches, and modulation of soleus H-reflexes during lengthening, isometric, and shortening muscle actions. In a recent study of the knee extensors, SCI subjects demonstrated greater central activation ratio (CAR) va...