BACKGROUND The goal of this prospective study was to determine risk factors for prolonged air leak (PAL) for patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for spontaneous pneumothorax. METHODS Between January 2002 and June 2012, a total of 2,292 patients were eligible for enrollment in the study: 1,800 patients had primary spontaneous pneumothorax and 492 patients had sec...

The current document contains a brief description of a system for Reasoning about Actions and Change called PAL (Pertinence Action Language) which makes use of several reasoning properties extracted from a Temporal Expert Systems tool called Medtool.

Mobile and pervasive computing scenarios are characterized by the heterogeneity of mobile devices, network infrastructures, and usage conditions. Hence, automatically recognizing the situation under which a user is accessing a given service is of key importance for adapting that service to the user’s needs, requirements, and expectations. This theme is a hot research topic in the field of conte...

Given a language L that is online recognizable in linear time and space, we construct a linear time and space online recognition algorithm for the language L ·Pal, where Pal is the language of all nonempty palindromes. Hence for every fixed positive k, Pal is online recognizable in linear time and space. Thus we solve an open problem posed by Galil and Seiferas in 1978.

Palygorskite (Pal) is a natural clay mineral with fibrous morphology and high surface area. Depending on the geological origin, it presents impurities, such as quartz carbonates, which can harm some of its properties. Therefore, this work seeks to define viable methodology for purification Brazilian Pal. Two types mixing processes (sonication milling) two dispersing agents (sodium silicate sodi...

The X-ray free-electron laser of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL-XFEL) was opened to users in 2017. Since then, significant progress has been made PAL-XFEL operation and beamline experiments. This includes increasing FEL pulse energy, photon generating self-seeding FEL, trials two-color operation. In beamline, new instruments or endstations have added are being prepared. Overall, stabili...

l-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity develops in excised bean axes after approximately 5 hours of incubation and reaches a maximum level after 14 hours of incubation. Light does not affect the development of activity, but puromycin, cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and 5-fluorouracil inhibit.During this period of incubation both d- and l-p-fluorophenylalanine stimulate fresh weight increas...

We have isolated a novel retina-specific gene in a screen for genes of which expression is not apparent neonatally in rat retina but is abundant postnatally on day 14 (P14). This gene, named Pal, encodes a putative type I transmembrane protein containing five leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a single C2-type Ig-like domain, and a single fibronectin type III domain and is considered to be a new memb...