The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as Rijndael is a block cipher. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has defined five modes of operation for AES. Each of these modes has different characteristics. The five modes are: Electronic Code Book (ECB), Cipher Block Chaining (CBC), Cipher FeedBack (CFB), Output FeedBack (OFB), and Counter (CTR). Only AES Counter mo...

In this paper, we examine algebraic attacks on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES, also known as Rijndael). We begin with a brief review of the history of AES, followed by a description of the AES algorithm. We then discuss the problem of solving systems of multivariate quadratic equations over arbitrary fields (the MQ problem), as well as some recent general methods for solving it, namely r...

Related-key attacks on AES-192 and AES-256 have been presented at Crypto 2009 and Asiacrypt 2009. Although these results are already quite spectacular, they have been extended to practical-complexity attacks on AES variants with 10 rounds at Eurocrypt 2010. These advances in cryptanalysis are enabled by the introduction of a new type of related keys. Let the secret key be denoted by k, the roun...

Anti-TNF drugs are frequently associated with serious Adverse Events (AEs), which necessitates an improved understanding of individual factors that determine efficacy and safety of anti-TNF agents. We mined the US FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) for anti-TNF-associated AEs to identify and stratify patient subgroups and drug combinations that exhibit specifically correlated complicat...

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is one of the most widely used block ciphers nowadays, and has been established as an encryption standard in 2001. Here we design AES-128 sample-AES (S-AES) quantum circuits for deciphering. In circuit AES-128, perform affine transformation SubBytes part to solve problem that initial state output qubits not ∣0⟩⊗8 state. After that, are able encode new round su...

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was widely accepted as the de facto standard in many securityrelated fields such as Embedded Development, Information Management, and Network Communication etc. In this paper, we firstly study the theory of AES algorithm and then conduct performance analysis of AES algorithm on MPC processor whose frequency is 800MHz according to the superscalar pipeline o...

Virtually all effect units that process digital audio—software plug-ins as well as dedicated hardware—can be controlled digitally. This allows subjecting their settings to optimization processes. We demonstrate the automatic adaptation of reverberation plug-ins to given room impulse responses. This facilitates replacing computationally expensive convolution reverberation units with standard one...

In the white-box attack context, i.e., the setting where an implementation of a cryptographic algorithm is executed on an untrusted platform, the adversary has full access to the implementation and its execution environment. In 2002, Chow et al. presented a white-box AES implementation which aims at preventing key-extraction in the white-box attack context. However, in 2004, Billet et al. prese...

AIM The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the evidence regarding the adverse effects (AEs) of homeopathy. METHOD Five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant case reports and case series. RESULTS In total, 38 primary reports met our inclusion criteria. Of those, 30 pertained to direct AEs of homeopathic remedies; and eight were related to AEs cause...

The use of massive open online courses (MOOCs) to expand students’ access to higher education has raised questions regarding the extent to which this course model can provide and assess authentic, higher level student learning. In response to this need, MOOC platforms have begun utilizing automated essay scoring (AES) systems that allow students to engage in critical writing and free-response a...