The mouse incisor is a valuable but under-utilized model organ for studying the behavior of adult stem cells. This remarkable tooth grows continuously throughout the animal's lifetime and houses two distinct epithelial stem cell niches called the labial and lingual cervical loop (laCL and liCL, respectively). These stem cells produce progeny that undergo a series of well-defined differentiation...

There is increasing evidence to suggest that the Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease. In the present study, we determined whether increasing Wnt signaling within the bone marrow microenvironment in myeloma counteracts development of osteolytic bone disease. C57BL/KaLwRij mice were inoculated intravenously with murine 5TGM1 myeloma cells, resul...

Prs [PRPP (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate) synthetase] catalyses the transfer of pyrophosphate from ATP to ribose 5-phosphate, thereby activating the pentose sugar for incorporation into purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome contains five genes, PRS1-PRS5, whose products display characteristic PRPP and bivalent-cation-binding sites of Prs polypeptides. Deletion of...

The diffuse use of lithium in a number of industrial processes has produced a significant contamination of groundwater and surface water with it. The increased use of lithium has generated only scarce studies on its concentrations in ambient waters and on its effects on aquatic organisms. Only few contributions have focused on the toxicity of lithium in marine organisms (such as marine animals,...

BACKGROUND Main function of corpus luteum is progesterone synthesis that is significantly accompanied with an increase in levels of mRNA encoding of steroidogenic enzymes known as luteal markers. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate effects of lithium chloride on the release of steroid hormones and steroidogenic enzymes in gonadotropin-stimulated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immatur...

Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that females' preferences for sweet foods are affected by hormonal fluctuations across the reproductive cycle. In rats, the preference for sweet foods may involve estrogen-mediated changes in response to the taste of sweets. Our recent work showed that ovariectomized female rats lick less to dilute sucrose solutions when given estrogen than when given t...

An efficient and green method for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]chromene or pyrano[4,3-b]pyrone derivatives is described by using a three-component condensation process of malononitrile, aldehyde, and 4-hydroxycoumarine or 4-hydroxypyrone in [BMIm]BF4-LiCl as an ionic liquid.

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، سنتز، ترکیب متوکسی آمیدو زانتات MAX و نشان‌دارسازی آن با رادیونوکلیید mTc99 به عنوان یک عامل تشخیصی نوین جهت تصویربرداری توموگرافی رایانه‌ای تک فوتونی (SPECT) می­‌باشد. لیگاند فوق واکنش بین دو ماده‌ی کلرواستامید (Chloroacetamide) مشتقات (Xanthate) نسبت‌های مولی معین سنتز شد. سپس فرایند طریق دوشیدن ژنراتور (mTc99Mo/99) روش مستقیم انجام گرفت. این ترتیب که قلع کلرید کاهنده مورد ...

The period length of the activity rhythm of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae is increased by a LiCl solution of 100 mol m-3 offered as drinking water by about 1%.

Benzylic zinc reagents prepared by direct insertion of zinc to benzylic chlorides in the presence of LiCl undergo smooth cross-coupling reactions with aromatic chlorides, bromides and tosylates using Ni(acac)(2) and PPh(3) as a catalyst system.