Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently described neoplasm. PMA shares few features with pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor in the pediatric population, yet displays histological differences. Previous studies have shown that PMAs have more aggressive biological behavior as compared to PA. These findings suggest that PMA may be a unique and distinct...

This paper presents the characteristic analysis and the optimal design of a permanent magnetic actuator (PMA) for a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) using a two-dimensional finite element analysis. The purpose of this research about a PMA is to minimize the breaking time and the volume of the permanent magnet within the limits of the holding force and maximum current in the coil. The conjugate grad...

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently defined pediatric brain tumor; PMAs were previously classified within the pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) category. Nevertheless, PMA has different histological features and has been shown to behave more aggressively than PA. These findings indicate that PMA may be a unique entity that is distinct from PA, or it may be an unusual variant. To increase awaren...

Serum-free cultured macrophages could be stimulated for lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence by platelet activating factor (PAF) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Stimulation with PMA resulted in a desensitization against PAF, whereas prestimulation with PAF had no influence on a following response caused by PMA. The PAF analogue, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Et-18...

Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) has a prompt, differential, and partially reversible effect on cultured chick chondroblasts. Within 36 hr PMA transforms sessile, polygonal, epithelioid chondroblasts into motile, multilayered, fibroblastic cells. In PMA chick chondroblasts rapidly cease to synthesize two of their terminal luxury molecules, the type IV sulfated proteoglycan that characteriz...

The expression of cPLA2 is critical for transformed growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is known that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)activated signal transduction pathway is thought to be involved in the oncogene action in NSCLC and enzymatic activation of cPLA2. However, the transcriptional regulation of cPLA2a in PMA-activated NSCLC is not clear. In this study, we found tha...

The role of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced macrophage differentiation was examined in human HL-60 and U-937 myeloid leukemia cells. Unlike other polyamines, spermine affected this differentiation by acting as a negative regulator. This negative regulation was established by showing that the PMA-induced macrophage phenotype, but not PMA-assoc...

Previous studies have shown that activators of the protein kinase A pathway increase transcription of the genes encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in choriocarcinoma cell lines. Here, we show that treatment of choriocarcinoma cells with activators of protein kinase C, such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and dioctanoylglycerol, increases accumulation ...

We investigated the effects of ursolic acid, a chemopreventive agent, on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in phorbol 12-myristate 13acetate (PMA)-treated human mammary and oral epithelial cells. Treatment with ursolic acid suppressed PMA-mediated induction of COX-2 protein and synthesis of prostaglandin E2. Ursolic acid also suppressed the induction of COX-2 mRNA by PMA. Nuclear run-o...

Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) has a prompt, differential, and partially reversible effect on cultured chick Chondroblasts. Within 36 hr PMA transforms sessile, polygonal, epithelioid Chondroblasts into motile, multilayered, fibroblastic cells. In PMA chick Chondroblasts rap idly cease to synthesize two of their terminal luxury molecules, the type IV sulfated proteoglycan that charac ter...