A new type of Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) incorporating xed lag smoothing is developed in this paper. The structure is motivated by the remark that, if one makes full use of the dependence of the observed data on a given transmitted symbol, delayed decisions may produce better estimates of the symbol. The resulting equalizer structure takes the form of a linear system followed by a specia...

The severely distorting channels limit the use of linear equalizers and the use of the nonlinear equalizers then becomes justifiable. Neural-network-based equalizers, especially the multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based equalizers, are computationally efficient alternative to currently used nonlinear filter realizations, e.g., the Volterra type. The drawback of the MLP-based equalizers is, however,...

Abstract— We present and discuss the structure and design of optimum multivariable decision feedback equalizers (DFEs). The equalizers are derived under the constraint of realizability, that is, causal and stable filters and finite decision delay. The design is based on a known dispersive discrete-time multivariable channel model, with infinite impulse response. The additive noise is described ...

The ordered successive interference cancellation MIMO decision feedback equalization based on constant modulus property is obtained by canceling decided symbols from the received symbols successively with the decision feed-forward equalizer (DFE) solution as a well known expression encountered in improved log-normal error function based on CMA (ILNCMA-OSIC-DFE) adaptive algorithms. The decision...

The iron isotopic compositions of 93 well-characterized basalts from geochemically and geologically diverse mid-ocean ridge segments, oceanic islands and back arc basins were measured. Forty-three MORBs have homogeneous Fe isotopic composition, with dFe ranging from +0.07& to +0.14& and an average of +0.105 ± 0.006& (2SD/ p n, n = 43, MSWD = 1.9). Three back arc basin basalts have similar dFe t...

Iron limitation plays an important role in maintaining the high-nitrate low-chlorophyll (HNLC) condition in the equatorial upwelling zone. The rate and depth of upwelling control Fe supply to the euphotic zone. This study constrains the transport fluxes and budget of two trace metals, Fe and Al, in the upper ocean. They are co-delivered to the eastern equatorial Pacific surface waters via the E...

Because of recent findings that Fe is a limiting factor for phytoplankton activity even at relatively high dissolved iron (DFe) concentrations, the potential importance of Fe limitation was revisited in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (39–458N, 17–218W). We report data gathered during deck incubation experiments performed at three stations in February–March 2001 with surface seawater containing DF...

The Institute of Medicine Panel for Folate and Other B Vitamins and Choline considered data from population-based and metabolic studies to revise the dietary intake standards for pregnancy. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for pregnant women is the average daily dietary intake sufficient to meet the requirements of 97-98% of pregnant women. The RDA is derived from the amount estimated to...

Ribonucleotide reductase is an iron-containing enzyme that is essential for DNA synthesis. Whereas previous studies have used various iron chelators to examine the relationship between cellular iron metabolism and ribonucleotide reductase activity in cells, they have not elucidated the relationship between iron transport into cells and the expression of the gene for ribonucleotide reductase. To...