PURPOSE Estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-positive breast cancer is often treated with endocrine therapy using either antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors. However, 30% of patients who receive endocrine therapy will derive no benefit from such treatments and may indeed suffer adverse effects. Currently, there are no ways to predict response to such treatments. ER beta cx, a variant of ER beta, has ...

In this paper we consider enveloping C *-algebras of *-algebras given by generators and defining relations of the following form A = CX, X * | XX * = f (X * X), where f is a Hermitian mapping. Some properties of these algebras associated with simple dynamical systems (f, R) are studied. As an example quadratic dynamical systems are considered.

Follicle-stimulating hormone is the major regulator of growth and development of antral follicles in the ovary. Granulosa cells (GCs) in these follicles are coupled via gap junctions (GJs) consisting of connexin 43 (Cx 43). Because we and others have found that Cx 43 and GJs, respectively, are more abundant in large antral follicles compared with small antral and preantral follicles, we hypothe...

432 INSIGHTS | The Journal of Experimental Medicine Monocytes are a heterogeneous population of phagocytic cells that are generated in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream. There are two main monocyte subsets in mice: “inflammatory” monocytes that are Ly6C CCR2 CX 3 CR1 and “alternative” or “patrolling” monocytes that are Ly6C CCR2 CX 3 CR1. The process of monocyte recruitment and ...

Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), is a chronic granulomatous enteric disease in cattle. Among molecular components of Map, protein p34 was identified as specific and immunodominant for bovine B cells. In order to determine if specific antibodies could influence the course of Map pathogenesis, the interaction between bacteria and bovine macrophages wa...

Consider a group G and an epimorphism u0 : G → Z inducing a splitting of G as a semidirect product ker(u0)oφ Z with ker(u0) a finitely generated free group and φ ∈ Out(ker(u0)) representable by an expanding irreducible train track map. Building on our earlier work [DKL], in which we realized G as π1(X) for an Eilenberg-Maclane 2–complex X equipped with a semiflow ψ, and inspired by McMullen’s T...

Canine heartworm is one of the most serious infections primarily affecting domestic dogs but will also infect cats and wild canids. To evaluate the potential of mosquitoes as vectors of dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy) in San Joaquin County, CA, we collected mosquitoes in 2011 and analyzed for infection with heartworm by using polymerase chain reaction. Of 3,000 mosquito pools (total ...

The objectives of this study were to compare changes in the ventral prostate (VP) of young adult Sprague Dawley rats after 28 days of treatment with finasteride (F), a potent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, with those caused by castration (Cx). VP concentrations of DHT were reduced to 20.2% and 6.6% of controls (1,947 +/- 207 pg/VP, mean +/- SE) by F (5 or 20 mg/kg/day) and to 2.6% of controls by ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), an important vector of Japanese encephalitis belongs to the Culex vishnui subgroup which includes two other vector species namely, Cx. Vishnui and Cx. pseudovishnui. Many varieties and types of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus have been reported, besides populations that exhibit behavioural and biological differences. This study was und...