BACKGROUND Low concentrations of leptin secondary to low body fat or other modulators are thought to be a key signal whereby an energy deficit suppresses the reproductive axis in exercising women resulting in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). The purpose of this study was to first examine leptin concentrations in exercising women with and without FHA to address whether there is a thresh...

National identity studies diverge on several issues, such as the number of factors and their respective items’ adscription. Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) is standard method applied to cross-national datasets. Differences between groups can be result measurement artefacts. We argue that these problems better addressed by an alternative approach builds a synthetic indicator nam...

Correspondence to Gary Banker: [email protected] H. Decker’s present address is the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458. Abbreviations used in this paper: BicD2, Bicaudal D2; FHA, forkhead associated; FKBP, FK506 binding protein; FRB, FKBP12-rapamycin binding; MAGUK, membrane-associated guanylate kinase; MTOC, microtubule-organizing center; tdTM, tandem dimer Tomato;...

R eproductive dysfunction is common in female athletes and is indicated symptomatically by delayed menarche (primary amenorrhoea) in girls, and by a cessation of menses (secondary amenorrhoea) or sporadic menses (oligomenorrhoea) in adolescents and young women. These menstrual disturbances reflect different degrees of ovarian suppression and are accompanied by inadequate follicular development ...

TDP1 (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1), a member of the PLD (phospholipase D) superfamily, catalyses the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond between a tyrosine residue and the 3'-phosphate of DNA. We have previously identified and characterized the AtTDP gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, an orthologue of yeast and human TDP1 genes. Sequence alignment of TDP1 orthologues revealed that AtTDP has both...

Given the resurgence of pertussis despite high rates of vaccination with the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, a better understanding of vaccine-induced immune responses to Bordetella pertussis is needed. We investigated the antibody, cell-mediated, and cytokine responses to B. pertussis antigens in children who received the primary vaccination series (at 2, 4, and 6 months...

OBJECTIVE To describe the immune response of preterm infants to a diphtheria/tetanus/three component acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, under an accelerated schedule, and the effects of steroids on this response. To compare responses with those of term infants. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Five Wessex neonatal units; Hertfordshire immunisation clinics. PATIENTS Infants...

The four mammalian Pellinos (Pellinos 1, 2, 3a, and 3b) are E3 ubiquitin ligases that are emerging as critical mediators for a variety of immune signaling pathways, including those activated by Toll-like receptors, the T-cell receptor, and NOD2. It is becoming increasingly clear that each Pellino has a distinct role in facilitating immune receptor signaling. However, the underlying mechanisms b...

INTRODUCTION In England, antenatal pertussis immunization using a tetanus/low-dose diphtheria/5-component acellular-pertussis/inactivated-polio (TdaP5/IPV) vaccine was introduced in October 2012. We assessed infant responses to antigens in the maternal vaccine and to those conjugated to tetanus (TT) or the diphtheria toxin variant, CRM. METHODS Infants of 141 TdaP5/IPV-vaccinated mothers in S...