BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second principal cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide as well as in Malaysia. Breast self-examination (BSE) has a role in raising breast cancer awareness among women and educational programs play an important role in breast cancer preventive behavior. The aim of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of ...

documented evidence about the use of the specifi c milk replacers, we conservatively assumed that 12 of 13 case farms used the specifi c milk replacers. We estimated the odds ratio for this risk factor by using logistic regression analysis. Our results indicated that the use of the milk replacers produced by the specifi c factory was associated with BSE infection (odds ratio [OR] 39.3, 95% conf...

The Office International des Epizooties (OIE: World organisation for animal health) recommends that all OIE Member Countries determine the status of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in their cattle populations by conducting a risk assessment and meeting certain BSE surveillance criteria. The OIE has identified and listed the factors and criteria for this in the International Animal Health...

BACKGROUND In Iran, breast cancer is the second most common malignancy among women and diagnosed in advanced stages almost a decade earlier than women living in western countries. OBJECTIVE To determine the level of knowledge and attitudes toward breast self-examination (BSE) among Iranian women. METHODS In a cross-sectional multi-center study, 3,060 women aged between 25 and 54 years atten...

The spatial heterogeneity of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) was analysed on the 84 cases confirmed in western France (WF) between August and December 2000, when both the Mandatory Reporting System and an active surveillance on cattle at risk were running. Ninety-four percent of these cases were born between June 1993 and June 1996, and we analysed the location at birth. One disease mapp...

Efforts to differentiate bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from scrapie in prion infected sheep have resulted in effective methods to decide about the absence of BSE. In rare instances uncertainties remain due to assumptions that BSE, classical scrapie and CH1641-a rare scrapie variant-could occur as mixtures. In field samples including those from fallen stock, triplex Western blotting ana...

The possibility of the agent causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infecting small ruminants is of serious concern for human health. Among scrapie cases, the CH1641 source in particular appears to have certain biochemical properties similar to the BSE strain. In France, several natural scrapie cases were identified as "CH1641-like" natural scrapie isolates in sheep and goats. The Tg(Ov...

To address the public concerns provoked by the first incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Japan, the BSE screening tests in Japan are evaluated in use of modeling analysis in evidence-based diagnosis. Under the assumptions based on epidemiological statistics such as the annual number of screened cattle with 1,227,385, the annual incidence of BSE infection with four, and the se...

the present study measure knowledge and attitude of school teachers in Kerman city about breast self examination.participannts in this research were 200 female teachers.data collecting instrument was a questionnation designed by researchers.the mean age of subjects was 37.4 years and SD 6.9. results of data analysis showed that 60% of the study sample were not knowledgeable of BSE and 68.5% did...