This study uses a boundary design and propensity score methods to the effects of 1930s-era Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) “redlining” maps on long-run trajectories urban neighborhoods. The led reduced home ownership rates, house values, rents increased racial segregation in later decades. A comparison either side city-level population cutoff that determined whether were drawn finds broadly...

This paper studies how the impact of monetary policy depends on distribution savings from refinancing mortgages. We show that efficacy is state dependent, varying in a systematic way with pool potential refinancing. construct quantitative dynamic life-cycle model accounts for our findings and use it to study response consumption change mortgage rates These effects are strongly dependent. also l...

Wheat Triticum aestivum L. is one of the most important agricultural products, and meets highest nutritional needs humans in various countries. This study aims to evaluate compatibility stability 25 wheat genotypes for two crop years five regions (Karaj, Qazvin, Isfahan, Varamin Damavand) a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results variance analysis additive main eff...

An increase in credit, especially consumption can trigger aggregate demand growth above potential output which causes the economy to heat up. This study aims analyze effect of macroeconomic variables, such as interest rates, inflation, and gross domestic product (GDP), on for property credit Indonesia with period January 2011 – December 2018. The results show that short term, rate lag 1 2, infl...

In this article, we construct a model to study competing payment networks, where networks offer differentiated products in terms of benefits to consumers and merchants. We study market equilibria for a variety of market structures: duopolistic competition and cartel, symmetric and asymmetric networks, and alternative assumptions about consumer preferences. We find that competition unambiguously...

Financial system of B&H is “bank dominated”, which means that banks (credit institution) is dominated financial institutions in the financial system. Banks have major role in financial intermediation process between deficit and surplus money unites. Having on mind specific features of financial systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina it’s important to analyses characteristics each segment of fi...

Alternative payment instruments are studied in an economy with private information, delayed communication, and limited commitment. Attention is restricted to checks and bank drafts, which differ in resource cost and communication characteristics. Checks are less costly but settlement delays create a limited commitment constraint. We Þnd that drafts dominate at low wealths and checks at higher w...