S. Brennan (1985, Leonardo, 18, 170-178) has developed a computer-implemented caricature generator based on a holistic theory of caricature. A face is represented by 37 lines, based on a fixed set of 169 points. Caricatures are produced by exaggerating all metric differences between a face and a norm. Anticaricatures can be created by reducing all the differences between a face and a norm. Cari...

The chapter on the therapeutical uses of pituitary extracts should be of considerable interest to the physician. A perusal of its contents will prevent rash and empirical use of a powerful therapeutic agent, the administration of which in unsuitable cases or in the wrong set of circumstances may be attended with fatal results. The volume is profusely illusti'ated and most of the drawings are or...

Conformity is thought to be an important force in human evolution because it has the potential to stabilize cultural homogeneity within groups and cultural diversity between groups. However, the effects of such conformity on cultural and biological evolution will depend much on the particular way in which individuals are influenced by the frequency of alternative behavioral options they witness...

tions, made in Rome, relating to the specific alterations which occur in the red blood globules during the infection of malaria. The drawings which I now send embody the latest results of a further series of observations on this subject made during 1885 in Rome and in the Pontine marshes by Marchiafava (my successor in the chair of Pathology in the University of Rome, and former assistant) and ...

This article presents a technique for bringing the history of microbiology to life in an exciting way. Eight miniature models were created, based on photographs or drawings, showing scientists at work in their labs. The models chosen represent important discoveries in microbiology, illustrating changes and advances in techniques and tools over the history of the discipline from 1600 through 200...

“Representation includes everything people construct to be known as a visual record or figurative manifestation of that reality. [...] Within this approach, architects usually reduce the definition of representation to the creation of such visual forms as drawings or models that selectively double or imitate the physical reality of a building. I would like to move beyond this traditional view t...

The genus Amazophrynella, as currently recognized (Fouquet et al. 2012a, b), is represented by four nominal species (Frost 2014; Rojas et al. 2014) but the tadpoles of only one species, Amazophrynella minuta (Melin) from Ecuador, have been described (Duellman & Lynch 1969; Duellman 1978). Amazophrynella manaos Rojas, Carvalho, Gordo, Ávila, Farias and Hrbek, 2014 occurs in the leaf litter of te...

Palmer and his associates (Palmer, Ames & Lindsey (1993). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 108-130; Palmer (1994). Vision Research, 34, 1703-1721) have confirmed that searches for simple feature targets are not limited by perceptual processing capacity and the effect of set size on performance can be accounted for by integration stage processes only. In ...

however, explains such secondary effects associated with subjective contours as changes in brightness or in apparent depth. In contradistinction to the physiological explanations are a number of hypotheses that are primarily cognitive in nature. Kanizsa (1976) maintains that illusory contours are merely an unusually strong example of the Gestalt principle of closure. Other theorists suggest, ra...

Research on cultural products suggest that there are substantial cultural variations between East Asian and European landscape masterpieces and contemporary members' landscape artwork (Masuda et al., 2008c), and that these cultural differences in drawing styles emerge around the age of 8 (Senzaki et al., 2014b). However, culture is not static. To explore the dynamics of historical and ontogenet...